数据结构(二) -- 数组和链表
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”) 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数据结构(二) — 数组和链表
数据结构主要可以分为两大模块：
- 线性结构
- 非线性结构
本文主要开始讲线性结构。
什么是线性结构
线性结构，顾名思义，就是这些数据所有节点都能被一根线(指针)联系起来的一种结构。
线性结构的存储方式：
- 连续存储：【数组】
- 离散存储：【链表】
线性结构的常见应用方式：
- 栈
- 队列
专题 :【递归】
数组和链表
本小节学习数组和链表，从底层去了解和实现数组与链表，并分析两者对应的优缺点
数组
数组是最常见的链式存储结构，它是一段连续的内存空间，在内存中我们可以简单表示为下图样式
通过上图我们可以把代码中int arr[6] = {1,2,3,4,5,6};执行的操作从内存中脑补出来，同时我们可以简单分析一下，数组应该有的一些基本使用。如
- 初始化、
- 添加新元素、
- 插入新元素、
- 删除某个元素、
- 判断是否为空数组、
- 是否是满数组、
- 排序
- 倒序
- 查询是否包含某个元素
- ······
本小节就带着你手把手实现一个简单的数组的封装，借此来了解数组的数据结构以及内部的一些基本算法知识。这里就简单的以一个 int 类型的数组来示例，后面学到泛型的时候便可更加好的理解数组的实现。
首先简单分析一下数组中基本的属性，我们有上面的数组内存中的逻辑图可以确定数组有对应的内存空间，有一个内存起始地址，因为系统分配内存的时候长度是一定的，所以数组中有一个表示最大长度的属性，数组中的元素也可能会根据实际个数不定，所以肯定有元素个数的标记，这个标记不仅可以拿来查看数组元素个数，也能确定了元素的下标。通过简单的分析我们可以总结数组中基本的属性如下：
- 【pBase】 数组首字节地址
- 【length】 数组长度(决定分配的内存大小)
- 【count】 数组中有效元素个数
下面就根据上面的分析来实现一个简单的数组，这里只说一下思路，完整代码请在这里下载数组实现代码
// 定义个数组
typedef struct Array {
int length; // 数组长度
int count; // 数组当前元素数 count
int *pBase; // 数组的首字节地址
}* PMyArray,MyArray; //两个别名，PMyArray 类似java中类名，定义的对象不带 * , MyArray类似于OC中的类型，定义的对象带 * 。
// 要实现的一些基本方法
/** 初始化数组*/
void init_Arr(MyArray *pArr, int len);
/** 追加数组*/
bool append_Arr(MyArray *pArr, int value);
/** 插入数组*/
bool insert_Arr(MyArray *pArr, int index , int value);
/** 删除数组*/
bool delete_Arr(MyArray *pArr, int index , int * pVal);
/** 是否满载*/
bool is_full(MyArray *pArr);
/** 是否为空*/
bool is_empty(MyArray *pArr);
/** 排序数组*/
void sort_Arr(MyArray *pArr);
/** 展示数组*/
void show_Arr(MyArray *pArr);
/** 倒序数组*/
void inversion_Arr(MyArray *pArr);
/** 获取一个默认初始化的数组*/
MyArray * get_Arr(void);
int main(void) {
MyArray arr; // 声明
int len = 6; // 定义数组长度
init_Arr(&arr,len); // 初始化
// 添加元素
int time = 0;
while (time < len) {
append_Arr(&arr, 100 + time);
time++;
}
insert_Arr(&arr, 6, 200); // 插入元素
insert_Arr(&arr, 7, 300);
insert_Arr(&arr, arr.count, 400);
insert_Arr(&arr, 0, 500);
insert_Arr(&arr, 3, 600);
show_Arr(&arr); // 打印数组元素
int val;
//delete_Arr(&arr, 3 ,NULL); // 删除第三个元素
delete_Arr(&arr, 3 ,&val);
printf("被删除的元素是 %d \n",val);
show_Arr(&arr); // 打印数组元素
inversion_Arr(&arr); // 倒序排列一下
show_Arr(&arr); // 打印数组元素
sort_Arr(&arr); // 排序数组
show_Arr(&arr); // 打印数组元素
#pragma mark -- OOP
// 类似于 OC 中的面向对象用法
MyArray * array3 = get_Arr();
printf("array3 address is %p\n",array3);
printf("array3 address is %p\n",&array3);
show_Arr(array3);
// 类似于 java 中的面向对象用法
PMyArray myArray4 = get_Arr();
printf("array4 address is %p\n",myArray4);
printf("array4 address is %p\n",&myArray4);
show_Arr(myArray4);
return 0;
}
// 初始化数组，对内部元素基本初始化
void init_Arr(MyArray *pArr,int len){
(*pArr).pBase = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * len); // 先分配一段内存空间，长度为 len * int长度。
if(pArr->pBase == NULL)
{
printf("内存分配失败，初始化失败\n");
exit(-1); // 终止程序
}else
{
pArr->length = len;
pArr->count = 0;
}
return;
}
/**
实现数组插入
1. 判断插入下标是否越界
2. 如果插入前数组已经满了，就增大一个长度，重新插入
3. 如果插入前数组未满
3.1 当插入位置小于最大元素下标，先把要插入目标点后面的元素往后移动一个单位。 如在{1，2，4，5}中第3个位置插入3，结果为{1，2，3，4，5}
3.2 当插入位置大于等于最大元素下标，直接在原来数组后面add最后一个元素。 如在{1，2}中第5个位置插入 3 结果为{1，2，3}
@param pArr 要操作的数组的指针
@param index 要插入的index 即下标
@param value 要插入的值
@return 返回插入成功/失败
*/
bool insert_Arr(MyArray *pArr, int index , int value){
// 为减少篇幅，建议直接下载源码
}
/**
实现数组删除某个元素
并可以从外部获得被删除元素的值
1. 判断删除下标是否越界
2. 判断原数组是否为空
3. 如果删除前先保存对应 index 的值赋值给外部变量
把要删除目标点后面的元素往前移动一个单位。 如在{1，2，3，4，5}中第3个位置删除3，结果为{1，2，4，5}
@param pArr 要操作的数组的指针
@param index 要伤处的index 即下标
@param pVal 要删除值的地址
@return 返回删除成功/失败
*/
bool delete_Arr(MyArray *pArr , int index ,int *pVal)
{
// 为减少篇幅，建议直接下载源码
}
/**
往数组尾部添加元素
@param pArr 数组指针
@param value 要添加的元素值
@return 添加成功/失败
*/
bool append_Arr(MyArray *pArr,int value){
if (!is_full(pArr)) { // 判断是不是已经满了数组
// 数组未满，添加
pArr->pBase[pArr->count] = value;
pArr->count++;
return true;
}else{
printf("数组已经满了,无法从尾部追加元素，请尝试从前面插入\n");
return false;
}
}
// 为了控制篇幅，这里不再进行罗列，可以直接去下载源码对比查看
数组的内存结构是线性的，通过这个例子的实现也更加容易理解。数组是一种常用的也是固定内存排序线性结构。然而在很多情况下是数据在内存中并不会这样线性的去排布。
虽说C语言是面向过程的语言，事实上这只是一种表象，学了数据结构其实我们可以发现我们完全可以用 C语言 实现面向对象语言的特性。事实上几乎所有的操作系统内核、机器语言底层、编译器层面都是使用 C语言 来实现的。
链表
链表是一种元素内存空间离散排列的线性数据结构。它的内存存储示意图大致如下：

链表是整个数据结构的一个基础，后面的线性结构几乎都需用到链表的知识，下面就从这几个方面来介绍链表。
- 定义
- 分类
- 算法
- 优缺点
【链表定义/特点】
n个节点离散分配
彼此通过指针相连
每个节点只有一个前驱节点，每个节点只有一个后续节点
首节点没有前驱节点，尾节点没有后续节点
首节点：
第一个有效节点
尾节点：
最后一个有效节点
头结点：
第一个有效节点前面的那个节点，头结点并不存放有效数据，加头结点的目的主要是为了方便对链表的操作，头结点的数据类型和首节点一样
头指针：
指向头结点的指针变量
尾指针：
指向尾节点的指针变量
确定一个链表需要的最少的参数有哪些？
根据链表的示意图可以简单推出来所有该链表的信息。
实际上只需要一个关键信息：头指针
因为我们通过头指针就可以推算出链表的其他所有信息。
【节点的表示】
// 代码的表示如下
typedef struct Node{
int data; //数据域
struct Node *pNext; // 指针域 - 指向相同类型的下一个节点
}*PNODE,NODE; // PNODE 等价于 struct Node * ， NODE 等价于 struct Node
【只需要拿到 pNext 指针就能推算出整个链表】
【链表的分类】
链表可以分为如下类别：
- 单链表 — 上面的实例
-
双链表 — 每个节点有两个指针域，分别指向前后两个节点
 -
循环链表 — 能通过任何一个节点找到其他所有节点的链表，环形链表
-
非循环链表 — 非环形普通列表
【关于链表的常见算法】
常见算法有：
- 创建链表
- 遍历
- 查找
- 清空
- 销毁
- 求长度
- 排序
- 删除节点
- 插入节点
- ·····
下面就逐步讲一下各个算法的思路，用为算法的方式来帮助理解
1 创建链表
创建链表，首先需要确定链表的长度 int length 然后根据长度创建对应个数的节点，并把新创建的节点挂到链表的最后。简单来说就是：
1 创建头结点
2 循环创建新节点挂到链表尾部
创建头节点，首先要创建一个没有存储值的头节点，我们本身定义了 NODE 结构体，可以根据NODE类型动态分配一块内存空间
// 创建一个值域为空的头结点,给头指针分配内存
PNODE pHead = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(PNODE)); // 头指针
创建新节点，需要根据定义的长度循环，这里的难点就是如何把新节点挂到链表尾部【这里还是要明确指针和指针变量的概念，这样会更好理解一些】
为了能让新创建的节点挂到尾部，我们直接使用pHead->pNext = pNew;
是不行的，这样只能最后添加一个，并且其他的都会被泄漏。这里我们使用一个站位尾节点来表示尾节点
PNODE pTail = pHead; // 站位尾节点,直接赋值给 pTail,这是栈内存分配；
pTail->pNext = NULL;
for循环{
// 1.保存值和指针，变成完整新节点
pNew->data = val;
pNew->pNext = NULL;
// 2.当前新节点追加到原来尾节点后面
pTail->pNext = pNew;
// 3.新节点变成原来尾节点
pTail = pNew;
}
为了便于理解，请先弄清楚，指针和指针变量区别，下图逐步讲解

2 遍历链表
遍历链表思路：
遍历链表只能通过头结点的 pNext 指针找到下一个节点，并循环到 pNext == NULL 为止，分别打印 值域的值即可。
// 通过头节点遍历后面节点
PNODE p = pHead->pNext; //获得首节点
while (p != NULL) {
printf("data = %d \n",p->data);
p = p->pNext;
}
printf("遍历完毕，退出\n");
return;
3 判断是否为空链表
判断是够为空链表，直接拿头结点的 pNext 指针取值判断是否为 NULL 即可
bool isEmpty_list(PNODE pHead)
{
if ((*pHead).pNext == NULL) {
return false;
}else{
return true;
}
}
4 求链表长度
求链表长度类似于遍历链表，这里主要是计算有效节点的个数，这个个数就是长度
int length_list(PNODE pHead)
{
PNODE p = pHead->pNext;
int len = 0;
while (p->pNext == NULL) {
len++;
p = p->pNext;
}
return len;
}
5 插入节点

其实思路很简单，主要是吧 p指向节点的的pNext 指向 q,
然后q所指向的下个节点直接指向原来p所指向的节点。
伪代码如下：
temp = p->pNext;
p->pNext -> q;
q->pNext = temp;
或者直接
q->pNext = P->pNext;
P->pNext = q;
本方法代码实现
bool insert_list(PNODE pHead , int pos , int val){
// 判断位置是否合法
PNODE q = pHead; // 要插入的位置，如果是 <= 0,则直接插到最前面，如果是 pos = 1 就插入第一个后面,pos = n,就插到第 n 个后面
int i = 0;
while (i < pos) {
if (q->pNext == NULL) {
printf("要插入的位置不合法;大于链表长度\n");
break;
}else{
q = q->pNext; //要被插入的节点
i++;
}
}
// 插入操作
PNODE p = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
if (p == NULL) {
printf("动态分配内存失败\n");
exit(0);
}
p->data = val;
// 前一个节点为q， 直接添加到 q 后面。
p->pNext = q->pNext;
q->pNext = p;
return true;
}
6 删除节点

// 思路：
// 想要删除后面的节点，直接让 p 的指针域指向下下个节点就完成了
// 这里的删除其实很方便，但是有个容易造成内存泄漏的误区
// 因为直接删除之后，我们就无法在拿到 p 后面的节点的地址，然后无法释放，最终内存泄漏
// 最终实现：
temp = p->pNext; // 临时变量保存要删除节点地址
p->pNext = p->pNext-pNext; // p 的指针域指向下下个节点
free(temp); // 释放被删除节点内存
代码实现
bool delete_list(PNODE pHead , int pos , int * val){
// 找到要被删除的元素保存起来
PNODE p = pHead;
int i = 0;
while (i < pos - 1) { // 找到被删除节点的前一个节点
if (p->pNext == NULL) {
break;
}
p = p->pNext;
i++;
}
if (i < pos && p->pNext == NULL) {
printf("你要删除的位置非法，此位置不在链表长度范围之内\n");
return false;
}
// 找到了要被删除的那个节点
PNODE t = p->pNext;;
*val = t->data; // 把被删除节点的值传给外面
p->pNext = t->pNext; // 直接指向后面一个节点
free(t); // 释放被删除节点内存，防止内存泄漏
return true;
}
7 链表排序
链表排序同数组不同，但很相似，都是把所有元素遍历然后找到相邻或者相反的值互换位置。
参考数组排序我们可以看一下代码实现
void sort_list(PNODE pHead)
{
// 数组的排序算法 <-> 链表排序互相对比更好学习排序
// for (i = 0 ; i < len - 1; i++) { // 外围的排序次数 ，没执行完以此只能确定某一最大或最小值
// for (j = i + 1; j < len; j++) { // 内循环的排序次数 ，执行完一次把 n 个元素，对比 n-1 次并换位置
//
// if ( a[i] < a[j]) {
// t = a[i];
// a[i] = a[j];
// a[j] = t;
// }
// }
// }
// 排序的算法有很多种
int len = length_list(pHead);
int i , j , t;
PNODE p , q;
for (i = 0 , p = pHead->pNext; i < len - 1; i++ , p = p->pNext) { // 外围的排序次数 ，没执行完以此只能确定某一最大或最小值
for (j = i + 1 , q = p->pNext; j < len; j++ , q = q->pNext) { // 内循环的排序次数 ，执行完一次把 n 个元素，对比 n-1 次并换位置
if (p->data > q->data) { // 比较两个节点数值，并换位置
t = p->data;
p->data = q->data;
q->data = t;
}
}
}
return;
}
小结和感悟
数组和链表内部是不一样的，但是他们的排序的思路确实一样的，比如冒泡。
从排序的思路上都是前一个跟后一个元素比较，把小的放到前面，以此类推
算法：
狭义的算法：与数据的存储方式密切相关
广义的算法：与数据的存储方式无关
泛型：利用某种技术达到同一种效果：不同的存储方式，执行的方式是一样的
如何学习算法？
- 看真题流程
- 分析每个语句的功能
- 试数
自己搞不定，就去看答案，把答案弄懂，实在不行就先记住答案。
本文从数据结构的线性结构开始，分析了两种线性结构【数组】和【链表】,
进而逐步讲解和自己手动实现了数组和链表。
通过这两个结构，在讲解过程中也代入了一写算法的基础知识，希望能对大家有所帮助！
本文中所有代码连接地址如下：https://github.com/xiaoyouPrince/DataStructure;