Django使用遇到的各种问题及解决方法
从Django的 搭建开始，遇到的问题就不断，网站还没有发布，就出错了，我查了好多资料，啃得了不少东西，也没有找到合适的方法，终于没办法了，自己硬着头皮往下读，终于解决了这些问题，下面分享给大家。
代码是这样的：
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server def application(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #return [b'<h1>Hello, web!</h1>'] return '<h1>hello,web</h1>' httpd = make_server(host='',port=8888,app =application) print('Serving HTTP on port 8888...')
第一步在运行程序，包括在cmd中运行如下代码：
python manage.py runserver
都出现出现了错误如下：
Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). You have 13 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them. July 07, 2017 - 14:04:53 Django version 1.11.3, using settings 'hello.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK. 127.0.0.1 Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x0383A6F0> Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 149, in inner_run ipv6=self.use_ipv6, threading=threading, server_cls=self.server_cls) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 164, in run httpd = httpd_cls(server_address, WSGIRequestHandler, ipv6=ipv6) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 74, in __init__ super(WSGIServer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\socketserver.py", line 453, in __init__ self.server_bind() File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 50, in server_bind HTTPServer.server_bind(self) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\http\server.py", line 138, in server_bind self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host) File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\socket.py", line 674, in getfqdn hostname, aliases, ipaddrs = gethostbyaddr(name) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd2 in position 0: invalid continuation byte
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究其意思就是编码错误：
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd2 in position 0: invalid continuation byte
Python3默认的是utf-8编码，而我们最苦逼的地方就是中文，程序遇到中文极大可能性会报错。出现编码问题，说明解码方式不对，可能是utf8解码中文出错，接着确认哪里出了问题。错误提示发现是
hostname, aliases, ipaddrs = gethostbyaddr(name)
这句代码出了错误，这句代码是个函数，函数有参数，那先从参数入手，参数是name，那可能name是个中文。经研究错误提示发现gethostbyaddr()函数是中文翻译就是获取主机地址，而传参是名字，那么name传入的就是主机名，也就是我的电脑名。我的电脑名是中文，是不是改成英文就可以了，经测试发现的确是主机中文名导致的问题，改成英文名即可顺利启动本地服务器。
！！！！！！！！！！但是
启动之后又错了，报错内容如下：
Serving HTTP on port 8888... 127.0.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2017 11:03:06] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 266, in write "write() argument must be a bytes instance" AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance 127.0.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2017 11:03:06] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 59 ---------------------------------------- Exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', 50749) Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 266, in write "write() argument must be a bytes instance" AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 141, in run self.handle_error() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 368, in handle_error self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 274, in write self.send_headers() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 331, in send_headers if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern(): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 344, in client_is_modern return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9' TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 317, in _handle_request_noblock self.process_request(request, client_address) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 348, in process_request self.finish_request(request, client_address) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 361, in finish_request self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 696, in __init__ self.handle() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 133, in handle handler.run(self.server.get_app()) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 144, in run self.close() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 35, in close self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split' ---------------------------------------- 127.0.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2017 11:04:06] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 266, in write "write() argument must be a bytes instance" AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance 127.0.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2017 11:04:06] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 59 ---------------------------------------- Exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', 50835) Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 266, in write "write() argument must be a bytes instance" AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 141, in run self.handle_error() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 368, in handle_error self.finish_response() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response self.write(data) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 274, in write self.send_headers() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 331, in send_headers if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern(): File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 344, in client_is_modern return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9' TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 317, in _handle_request_noblock self.process_request(request, client_address) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 348, in process_request self.finish_request(request, client_address) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 361, in finish_request self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line 696, in __init__ self.handle() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 133, in handle handler.run(self.server.get_app()) File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 144, in run self.close() File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 35, in close self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split' ----------------------------------------
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自己也继续看，因为百度啊，google啊，私信请教人啊，均无收获，只能自己看，首先根据提示第一个错误就是
Assertion Error: write() argument must be a bytes instance
解决办法如下：
return ['<h1>Hello world</h1>'.encode('utf-8'),]
后面再遇到问题的话，小编会相继传上去的，
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