SqlBulkCopy 参数配置示例
SqlBulkCopy 做为SQL Server 官方 批量入库类,性能不会太差。其事务部份官方说明较模糊,因此 针对事务配置做了一些测试。
A. 先准备测试场景 ,关于SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity
应用。 新建两张表 , 每张表列a 做为自增列,同时做为主键 , 其中 test_sqlbulk 源表 ,先添加一组数据。
- CREATE TABLE [dbo].[test_sqlbulk](
- [a] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
- [b] [int] NULL,
- CONSTRAINT [PK_test_sqlbulk] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
- (
- [a] ASC
- )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
- ) ON [PRIMARY]
- CREATE TABLE [dbo].[test_sqlbulk_des](
- [a] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
- [b] [int] NULL,
- CONSTRAINT [PK_test_sqlbulk_des] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
- (
- [a] ASC
- )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
- ) ON [PRIMARY]
添加数据:
测试代码:
- SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( sourceConnection) ;
- sqlConn.Open() ;
- SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand("select * from test_sqlbulk ", sqlConn);
- SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();
- // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option.
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
- sourceConnection))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
- }
- finally
- {
- reader.Close();
- }
- }
View Code
再看看目标表 test_sqlbulk_des 结果 , 由于SqlBulkCopy 构造参数没有 KeepIdentity
标识,目标表自增列与源表不一致 :
test_sqlbulk_des 查询结果:
=>调整代码,增加 SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity 选项,再次导入:
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
- sourceConnection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
- }
- finally
- {
- reader.Close();
- }
- }
=>目标表,源表自增列一致了:
B. 测试无事务,内部事务(SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction
) , 外部传入事务 之间区别 , 以下所有测试均事先在目标表保留一行数据 使copy 过程中造成主键冲突,查看回退情况。
1. 无事务测试。初使化源表,目标表数据:
测试代码 , 不意外,如下代码最终会产生主键冲突错误, 执行结束后,再查询源表,目标表数据 。 BatchSize 设置为2 , 结果表明在第二批次主键冲突, 第一批次数据成功提交了(没有显示声明事务), 再将 BatchSize 设置为3 验证结果。
- SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( sourceConnection) ;
- sqlConn.Open() ;
- SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand("select * from test_sqlbulk ", sqlConn);
- SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();
- // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option.
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
- sourceConnection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
- }
- finally
- {
- reader.Close();
- }
- }
BatchSize = 2 结果:
BatchSize = 3 结果:
2.指定内部事务 , 分别将 BatchSize 指定为 2 , 3, 4 。如下执行结果与上文示例 结果一致, 因此无论是否指定 SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction 参数(不包括外部传入事务) ,SqlBulkCopy 内部按照一个批次一个事务。在出现异常时只回滚当前批次 , 在此之前成功执行批次不回滚。 因此若需全部回退,需将 BatchSize 设为 总记录条数 ,此时所有数据做为一个批次提交 , 异常回退批次,回退数据范围即全部数据。
测试代码:
- // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option.
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
- sourceConnection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity | SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
- }
- finally
- {
- reader.Close();
- }
- }
=>BatchSize = 2 , 目标表结果:
=>BatchSize = 3 , 目标表结果:
3. 外部传入事务对象场景 , 如果 使用
SqlBulkCopy
入库操作只做为本次业务处理一个子集,在整个业务处理环节中异常情况,需要回滚整个业务操作。 本次再新建一张表:test_sqlbulk_update , 测试过程中,先对该表增加一条记录,再重复之前异常场景。 结束时,之前新增记录也回退了。
因此, 当外部传入事务对象时,SqlBulkCopy 内部不提交事务, 在异常情况,有可能会自动回滚。
- CREATE TABLE [dbo].[test_sqlbulk_update](
- [a] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
- [b] [int] NULL,
- )
View Code
- SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( sourceConnection) ;
- sqlConn.Open() ;
- SqlTransaction tran = sqlConn.BeginTransaction();
- SqlCommand commandInsert = new SqlCommand("insert into [test_sqlbulk_update]( b ) values (1) ", sqlConn, tran);
- int result = commandInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();
- SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand("select * from test_sqlbulk ", sqlConn, tran);
- SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();
- // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option.
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity, tran))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
- reader.Close();
- tran.Commit();
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- reader.Close();
- tran.Rollback();
// tran.Commit(); 异常仍提交执行,同时注释上一行。- }
- }
=> 异常时执行 rollback, 最终结果:没做任何修改.
=> 外部事务,Catch 中执行 Commint ,发生异常,因为自动回滚了,但在Catch 执行 Rollback 无异常。
- SqlTransaction tran = sqlConn.BeginTransaction();
- SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand("select * from test_sqlbulk ", new SqlConnection(sourceConnection));
- SqlDataAdapter ada = new SqlDataAdapter(commandSourceData ) ;
- System.Data.DataSet ds = new System.Data.DataSet();
- ada.Fill(ds);
- // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option.
- using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity, tran))
- {
- bulkCopy.BatchSize = 2;
- bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
- "dbo.test_sqlbulk_des";
- // Write from the source to the destination.
- // This should fail with a duplicate key error
- // after some of the batches have been copied.
- try
- {
- bulkCopy.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);
- SqlCommand commandInsert = new SqlCommand("insert into [test_sqlbulk_update]( b ) values ('a') ", sqlConn, tran);
- int result = commandInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();
- tran.Commit();
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- tran.Commit();
- }
- }
View Code