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1.1.环境搭建

（1）准备

pip install django==1.11.8

（2）创建项目和app：website和blog

D:\学习历程\django学习\搭建个人博客>django-admin startproject website
D:\学习历程\django学习\搭建个人博客\website>python manage.py startapp blog

（3）设置中文和时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False

（4）运行项目

python manage.py runserver
#浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/

1.2.模型设计

（1）blog/models.py

 1 from django.db import models
 2 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 3 # Create your models here.
 4 
 5 class Category(models.Model):
 6     name=models.CharField('分类',max_length=128)
 7 
 8     def __str__(self):
 9         return self.name
10     #重写meta模块，修改在管理后台中的显示名称
11     class Meta:
12         verbose_name='博客分类'
13         verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
14 
15 class Tag(models.Model):
16     name=models.CharField('标签',max_length=128)
17 
18     def __str__(self):
19         return self.name
20 
21     class Meta:
22         verbose_name='博客标签'
23         verbose_name_plural='博客标签'
24 
25 class Entry(models.Model):
26     title=models.CharField('文章标题',max_length=128)
27     author=models.ForeignKey(User,verbose_name='作者',on_delete=models.CASCADE)   #文章作者，这里关联的是django内置的User。一个文章只有一个作者，而一个作者有多篇文章。所以是多对一关系
28     img=models.ImageField(upload_to='blog_img',null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='博客配图')
29     body=models.TextField('正文')
30     abstract=models.TextField('摘要',max_length=256,null=True,blank=True)
31     visiting=models.PositiveIntegerField('访问量',default=0)
32     category=models.ManyToManyField(Category,verbose_name='博客分类')
33     tags=models.ManyToManyField(Tag,verbose_name='标签')
34     created_time=models.DateTimeField('创建时间',auto_now_add=True)　　#对象添加时的时间，修改对象不会改变时间
35     modifyed_time=models.DateTimeField('修改时间',auto_now=True)　　　　#对象添加或修改，对象也会一起更新
36     
37     def __str__(self):
38         return self.title
39     
40     class Meta:
41         ordering=['-created_time']
42         verbose_name='博客正文'
43         verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

（2）blog/admin.py（注册模型）

from django.contrib import admin
from  .models import Category,Tag,Entry
# Register your models here.

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['title','author','visiting','created_time','modifyed_time']

admin.site.register(Category)
admin.site.register(Tag)
admin.site.register(EntryAdmin)

（3）设置为MySQL

#__init__.py

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

#settings.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'my_blog' ,  #数据库名
        'USER':'root',      #用户名
        'PASSWORD':'root',  #密码
        'HOST':'localhost', #IP
        'PORT':'3306'       #端口
    }
}

（4）生成迁移文件和执行迁移

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

#可能那个pillow有问题。如果遇到，请卸载重装pillow，还有迁移之前要激活应用，在settings.py。

（5）创建超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

1.3.url及视图设计

（1）website/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls')),
]

（2）blog/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app='blog'

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^$',views.index,name='blog_index'),
    url(r'^(?P<blog_id>[0-9]+)',views.detail,name='blog_detail'),

]

（3）blog/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    return render(request,'blog/index.html',locals())

def detail(request):
    return render(request,'blog/detail.html',locals())

（4）templates/index.html

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}

{% block title %}博客首页{% endblock %}

{% block content %}

    博客首页
    <div style="height: 440px; " ></div>

{% endblock %}

（5）templates/detail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>博客详情页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ blog_id }}的详情</h1>
</body>
</html>

1.4.前端页面设计

（1）Bootstrap　　下载放到一定位置

settings.py设置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]

（2）blog/base.html

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
    <link href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="{% static 'blog/css/blog_nav.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#my-nav" aria-expanded="false">
        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">王者小喵喵</a>
    </div>

    <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="my-nav">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
        <li class="active"><a href="/blog/">博客</a></li>
        <li ><a href="#">学习资源</a></li>
        <li ><a href="#">联系我</a></li>
      </ul>

      <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
      </form>

      <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <li><a href="#">登录</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
  </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>

{% block content %}{% endblock %}

 <footer>
    <div class="footer" role="navigation">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-text">
                <ul class="footer-text">
                    <li><a href="#">主页</a></li>
                               <li><a href="#">联系我们</a></li>
                               <li><a href="#">关于博主</a></li>
                               <li><a href="#">文档支持</a></li>
                               <li><a href="/blog/">博客首页</a></li>
                </ul>
                <p>Copyright © 2018 王者小喵喵 </p>

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</footer>


<script src="{% static 'jquery-3.3.1.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.js' %}"></script>

{% block script %}{% endblock %}

</body>
</html>

（3）blog/static/blog/css/blog_nav.css

body {
    margin-top: 30px;
    font-weight: 400;
    /* Required padding for .navbar-fixed-top. Change if height of navigation changes. */
    padding-top: 70px;
}

/* Navbar and footer (global) styling */
.navbar-fixed-top .nav {
    padding: 15px 0;
}

.navbar {
    color: black;
    border-width: thin;
    -webkit-transition: .2s;
    background-color: white;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    background-color: white;
}

.navbar a {
    color: black;
}

.navbar-fixed-top .navbar-brand {
    padding: 0 15px;
}

.navbar-header .icon-bar {
    background-color: black;
}

.navbar-nav > li > .navbar-active {
    color: #E46E2E;
}

.navbar-scroll {
  background-color: white;
    animation-duration: 2s;
    animation-name: smooth;
    -moz-box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #999;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #999;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #999;
}

.jupytercon-nav > li > .black-tab {
    color: black;
}

.navbar-logo {
    height: 45px;
}

.nav > li > a {
    font-size: 20px;
    padding: 12px 16px 10px;
}

.nav > li > a:hover {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: #E46E2E;
    -webkit-transition: .2s;
}

.nav > li > a:focus {
    background-color: white;
}

.nav > li > a:active {
    background-color: #F8F8F8;
}

.nav > li > a:visited {
    background-color: #F8F8F8;
}

.tab:hover {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: #E46E2E;
}

.footer {
    background-color: #979797;
}

.footer p {
    color: white;
    padding-top: 10px;
}

.footer li {
    color: white;
    display: inline-block;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer a {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer li::after {
    content:" |";
}

.footer li:last-of-type::after {
    content:"";
}

.footer-text {
    font-size: 16px;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.navbar-brand {
    float: left;
    height: 50px;
    padding: 15px 15px;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 20px;
    margin-top: 27px;
}

nav .navbar-form{
    padding: 10px;
}

效果：

目录结构：

本文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/xjmlove/p/9153319.html

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