多线程使用注意
命名
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/guozp/p/10344446.html
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我们在创建线程池的时候,一定要给线程池名字,如下这种写法,线程是默认直接生成的:
public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int finalI = i; executorService.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + finalI); } }); } }
最后的输出:
pool-1-thread-3:2 pool-1-thread-2:1 pool-1-thread-3:4 pool-1-thread-1:3 pool-1-thread-3:6 pool-1-thread-2:5 pool-1-thread-3:8 pool-1-thread-1:7 pool-1-thread-2:9
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Executors中有默认的线程工厂的实现:
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final ThreadGroup group; private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final String namePrefix; DefaultThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); if (t.isDaemon()) t.setDaemon(false); if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); return t; } }
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我们可以改造一下
public class NamedThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private final AtomicInteger threadNumber; private final String name; private final boolean isDaemon; public NamedThreadFactory(String name) { this(name, false); } public NamedThreadFactory(String name, boolean daemon) { this.threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); this.isDaemon = daemon; this.name = name + "-thread-pool-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r, this.name + this.threadNumber.getAndIncrement()); t.setDaemon(this.isDaemon); if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY){ t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); } return t; } }
那我们看下改造之后的输出结果:
有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:0 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-3:2 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:3 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-2:1 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:5 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:7 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:8 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-3:4 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-1:9 有名字的线程池-thread-pool-2:6
这样的话,当我们应用线上出现问题,需要通过jstack查看线程堆栈的时候,就可以知道是哪些线程出现的问题,否则看到的都是统一的命名方式,看到都是清一色的线程,增加排查问题的难度
Thread异常处理
Java中线程执行的任务接口java.lang.Runnable 要求不抛出Checked异常,
public interface Runnable {
public abstract void run();
}
那么如果 run() 方法中抛出了RuntimeException,将会怎么处理了?
线程出现未捕获异常后,JVM将调用Thread中的dispatchUncaughtException方法把异常传递给线程的未捕获异常处理器
private void dispatchUncaughtException(Throwable e) {
getUncaughtExceptionHandler().uncaughtException(this, e);
}
public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?
uncaughtExceptionHandler : group;
}
Thread中存在两个UncaughtExceptionHandler。一个是静态的defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler,另一个是非静态uncaughtExceptionHandler。
// null unless explicitly set
private volatile UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtExceptionHandler;
// null unless explicitly set
private static volatile UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler;
- defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler:设置一个静态的默认的UncaughtExceptionHandler。来自所有线程中的Exception在抛出并且未捕获的情况下,都会从此路过。进程fork的时候设置的就是这个静态的defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler,管辖范围为整个进程
- uncaughtExceptionHandler:为单个线程设置一个属于线程自己的uncaughtExceptionHandler,辖范围比较小。
如果没有设置uncaughtExceptionHandler,将使用线程所在的线程组来处理这个未捕获异常。线程组ThreadGroup实现了UncaughtExceptionHandler,所以可以用来处理未捕获异常。ThreadGroup类定义:
private ThreadGroup group;
class ThreadGroup implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler{}
ThreadGroup实现的uncaughtException如下:
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
if (parent != null) {
parent.uncaughtException(t, e);
} else {
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =
Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
if (ueh != null) {
ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
} else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
+ t.getName() + "\" ");
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
}
}
默认情况下,线程组处理未捕获异常的逻辑是,首先将异常消息通知给父线程组,然后尝试利用一个默认的defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler来处理异常,如果没有默认的异常处理器则将错误信息输出到System.err。也就是JVM提供给我们设置每个线程的具体的未捕获异常处理器,也提供了设置默认异常处理器的方法,通常java.lang.Thread对象运行设置一个默认的异常处理方法:
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh) {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(
new RuntimePermission("setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler")
);
}
defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler = eh;
}
而这个默认的静态全局的异常捕获方法是直接输出异常堆栈。
当然,我们可以覆盖此默认实现,只需要实现java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler接口即可
public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
}
submit异常吞并
- 我们平时都是通过submit来提交一个Callable,那如果提交的是Runnable呢,为方便起见我们核心的代码都放在一起了
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
return new FutureTask<T>(runnable, value);
}
public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}
public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
}
//最终FutureTask中的callable指向的是一个RunnableAdapter,而RunnableAdapter的call方法也是调用了我们传进来的task的run方法,返回的是null
static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
final Runnable task;
final T result;
RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
this.task = task;
this.result = result;
}
public T call() {
task.run();
return result;
}
}
- 那从这里我们就知道,我们通过submit传递进去的Runnale,最后在FutureTask的run方法里面调用的callable.call()实质上还是我们传递进去的runnable的run方法,在源码FutureTask的run方法的时候发现,FutureTask中执行任务如果出现异常,是不会抛出来的,必须通过get方法才可以获取到,当然也可以重写afterExecute()这个回调方法,在这个里面来调用get获取异常信息,
还是要重点强调下,我们在通过submit执行任务的时候,一定要调用get()方法 - 这里我们重写afterExecute()方法,来获取submit(Runnable task)的执行异常:
protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
super.afterExecute(r, t);
//执行的Callable,对应的t一定是Null
if (t == null && r instanceof Future) {
try {
Future future = (Future) r;
if (future.isDone()){
// 判断任务是否执行完成
future.get();
}
} catch (CancellationException ce) {
t = ce;
} catch (ExecutionException ee) {
t = ee.getCause();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
CountDownLatch 丢失事件
- 我们在处理一批任务的时候,往往会把任务进行partition,然后再交给每个线程去处理,那主线程需要等待所有的线程处理完,来统计本次处理的时间,以及其他统计的数据,差不多和下面这段代码类似:
public void execute3(){
List<Integer> data = new ArrayList<Integer>(100);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
data.add(i + 10);
}
List<List<Integer>> partition = Lists.partition(data, 20);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(partition.size());
for (final List<Integer> dataToHandle : partition) {
threadPoolExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (Integer i : dataToHandle) {
doSomeThing(i);
}
}catch (Exception e){
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}finally {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
});
}
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
logger.info("任务执行结束...");
}
- 之前这么写代码没有出现过问题,直到最近出现问题才发现这么写会导致主线程无法结束的问题。我们看下,虽然在每个任务的finally中进行处理
- countDownLatch.countDown();但是有一点忽视了,我们在异常那块其实有提到过,如果线程池满了,抛出RejectExecuteException的话,那这次任务的countDownLatch就会被忽视,当然我们这是在主线程里执行,直接会抛出异常导致主线程结束,但是如果和上面提到的在单独的子线程里面去执行这个线程池,那这样的话由于主线程无法捕获到子线程的异常,就会出现主线程无法结束的问题,所以我们在子线程中执行线程池一定要避免这点 即如果在子线程中执行,需要改为下面这样:
public void execute3(){
List<Integer> data = new ArrayList<Integer>(100);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
data.add(i + 10);
}
final List<List<Integer>> partition = Lists.partition(data, 20);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(partition.size());
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (final List<Integer> dataToHandle : partition) {
try {
threadPoolExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (Integer i : dataToHandle) {
doSomeThing(i);
}
}catch (Exception e){
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}finally {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
});
} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
//处理完异常之后需要补充countDownLatch事件
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
}
}).start();
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
logger.info("任务执行结束...");
}
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/guozp/p/10344446.html