python之类的继承及方法讲解分析
python之类的继承及方法讲解分析
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
# class Person(object):
# def __init__(self,name,age):
# self.name = name
# self.age = age
#
# def getName(self):
# return self.name
#
# def getAge(self):
# return self.age
#
# def setName(self, name):
# self.name=name
#
# def setAge(self,age):
# self.age=age
#
# def info(self):
# return "name{0},age{1}".format(self.name,self.age)
# per = Person("Teacher",24)
# per.info()
# print(per.info())
"""
首先一个类,不管是否写了构造函数,它都是有构造函数的
一个类,可以有多个构造函数,建议一个类只有一个构造函数
构造函数
1.初始化属性
"""
# class Person1(object):
# #动态方法
# def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
# self.args = args
# self.kwargs = kwargs
#
# def info(self):
# # print("信息:",self.kwargs)
# print("信息:",self.args)
#
# per1 = Person1(name="Teacher",age=24)
# per1 = Person1("Teacher",26)
# per1.info()
# per1.info()
"""
析构函数
对象实例化-->构造函数-->对象调用方法-->代码跳转到具体的方法
-->执行方法的代码块-->最后执行析构函数
"""
# class Person(object):
# def __init__(self):
# print("我是构造方法")
#
# def __del__(self):
# print("我是析构方法")
#
# def info(self):
# print("我是方法")
#
# per = Person()
# per.info()
#
"""
普通方法
"""
# class Person2(object):
# def conn(self,user,passwd,host,port):
# pass
#
# def f1(self,*args,**kwargs):
# # self.kwargs = kwargs
# # self.args = args
# pass
#
# def info(self):
# print("我是普通方法")
#
# per = Person2()
# per.conn("root",123456,"localhost",3306)
# per.info()
"""
特性方法:不能有形式参数
"""
# class Person(object):
#
# @property #装饰器
# def getUserID(self):
# pass
#
# per = Person()
# per.getUserID #不加(),加()报错
# from selenium import webdriver
# driver = webdriver.Firefox()
# driver.find_element_by_id("kw").text
"""
静态方法:
可以直接使用类名来调用方法,属于类
实例对象也可以调用方法,但不建议使用,多此一举!
"""
# class MySQL(object):
# @staticmethod
# # 方法参数不用加self
# def conn(user):
# pass
#
# # MySQL.conn("Teacher")
# sql = MySQL()
# sql.conn("Teacher")
"""
类的方法:直接使用类名来调用
"""
# class MySQL(object):
# @classmethod
# # 方法参数不用加self
# def conn(cls):
# pass
#
# # MySQL.conn("Teacher")
# MySQL.conn()
"""
属于类:
类属性
静态方法
类方法
属于对象:
实例属性
普通方法
特性方法
"""
"""
类的继承:重复使用已经存在的数据和行为,减少重复编写代码,
子类继承父类的实例属性和方法
"""
"""类属性的继承"""
# class Person(object):
# China = "中国"
# class UsaPerson(Person):
# pass
# Usa = UsaPerson()
# Usa.China
# print(Usa.China)
"""实例属性的继承与继承的两种写法"""
# class Fruit(object):
# def __init__(self,name):
# self.name = name
"""子类由于业务的需求,需要继承父类的实例属性"""
# class Apple(Fruit):
# def __init__(self,name,brand,color):
# # super(Apple,self).__init__(name)
# Fruit.__init__(self,name)
# self.brand = brand
# self.color = color
#
# def info(self):
# return "名称{0},品牌{1},颜色{2}".format(self.name,self.brand,self.color)
#
# app = Apple("苹果","富士","红色")
# app.info()
# print(app.info())
# class Fruit(object):
# def __init__(self,name):
# self.name = name
"""子类由于业务的需求,不需要继承父类的实例属性"""
# class Apple(Fruit):
# def __init__(self,brand,color):
# self.brand = brand
# self.color = color
#
# def info(self):
# return "品牌{0},颜色{1}".format(self.brand,self.color)
#
# app = Apple("富士#","红色")
# app.info()
# print(app.info())
"""格式化字符"""
#"{a} Love {b}.{0}".format(a = "I",b = "You","com")
"{0} Love {a}.{b}".format("I",a = "You",b = "com")
"""
方法的继承:
子类为什么要重写父类的方法?子类有自己的特性
当子类重写了父类的方法,对子类进行实例化对象后,
子类调用的(父类,子类方法都存在)方法,执行的方法是子类的方法
"""
# class Person(object):
# def eat(self):
# print("人需要吃饭的")
#
# class Son(Person):
# def __init__(self,name):
# self.name = name
#
# def eat(self):
# print("名字是{0},为什么?".format(self.name))
#
# son = Son("Teacher")
# son.eat()
"""
单个类继承的原则:
1.从上到下,子类继承父类,但没有重写父类的方法,
对子类进行实例化对象后,执行调用是直接父类中的方法
2.从下到上,子类继承父类,但子类重写父类的方法,
对子类进行实例化对象后,执行调用是直接子类中的方法(优先调用自己方法)
"""
# class Fruit(object):
# def eat(self):
# print("水果是用来吃的")
#
# class Apple(Fruit):
# def __init__(self,color):
# self.color = color
#
# def eat(self):
# print("苹果的颜色{0},该吃掉了!".format(self.color))
#
# class Band(Apple):
# def eat(self):
# print("我是Apple的子类")
#
# band = Band("红色")
# band.eat()
# class Person(object):
# def __init__(self,name):
# self.name=name
#
# def info(self):
# print (self.name)
#
# class Son(Person):
# def info(self):
# print (self.name)
#
# s=Son('name')
# s.info()
#
"""多个继承:执行的顺序,从左到右执行;并且是同一级别的!同一级别指的是共同的类"""
# class Person(object):
# def eat(self):
# print("人是吃饭的")
#
# class Monther(Person):
# # def eat(self):
# # print("妈妈不吃饭,要减肥")
# pass
#
# class Father(Person):
# def eat(self):
# print("爸爸吃饭!")
#
# class Son(Monther,Father):
# pass
#
# son = Son()
# son.eat()
"""__doc__ 打印出类的注释"""
# class Person(object):
# """人的属性&特性"""
# def info(self,username,password):
# """
# :param username: 参数用户名
# :param password: 参数密码
# :return:
# """
# pass
#
# per = Person()
# print(per.__doc__)
"""__call__:对象创建时直接返回__call__的内容,使用该方法可以模拟静态方法"""
# class Per(object):
# def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# print("打印出call方法")
#
# per = Per()
"""
__str__:对象代表的含义,返回一个字符串,通过他可以把字符串和对象关联起来,方便某些程序的实现
该字符串表示某个类,实现__str__后,可以直接使用print语句打印出对象,也可以通过str来触发__str__来执行
__str__:
1.对象的意思
2.返回一个字符串,对象和字符串关联起来 -->该字符串可表示一个类
"""
# class Per(object):
# """我是一个字符串类"""
# def __str__(self):
# return self.__doc__
#
# per = Per()
# print(str(per))
class Factory(object):
def createFruit(self,fruit):
if fruit == "apple":
return Apple()
elif fruit == "banana":
return Banana()
class Fruit(object):
def __str__(self):
return "fruit"
class Apple(object):
def __str__(self):
return "apple"
class Banana(object):
def __str__(self):
return "banana"
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = Factory()
print(factory.createFruit("apple"))
print(factory.createFruit("banana"))
"""工厂设计模式在UI中的应用"""
from selenium import webdriver
from appium import webdriver
from selenuim.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
class Factory(object):
def createWebDriver(self,WebDriver):
if WebDriver == "web":
return WebUI(self.driver)
elif WebDriver == "app":
return AppUI(self.driver)
class WebDriver(object):
def __init__(self,webdriver):
self.webdriver = webdriver
def __str__(self):
return "WebDriver"
def findElement(self,*loc):
try:
return self.driver_find_element_By(*loc)
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print("Error details:%s",e.args[0])
def findElements(self,*loc):
try:
return self.driver_find_element_By(*loc)
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print("Error details:%s",e.args[0])
class WebUI(WebDriver):
def __str__(self):
return "web"
class AppUI(WebDriver):
def __str__(self):
return "app"
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = Factory()
print(factory.createFruit("web"))
print(factory.createFruit("app"))
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