Cobbler自动化工具实践
1.Cobbler Install
安装前准备
关闭SELinux
cat /etc/redhat-release setenforce 0
getenforce //得到的结果需要是：Permissive
如果不是，执行两步：
sed -i "s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 reboot
关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
开机不启用防火墙：
systemctl disable firewalld
安装wget
yum -y install wget
添加一个epel源：
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd dhcp tftp xinetd
启动：
systemctl start httpd
systemctl start cobblerd
设置cobbler和httpd为开机自启动：
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl enable cobblerd
查看cobblerd的启动状态：
netstat -lntup
查看已经启动的端口
检查：
cobbler check
对报错进行修复：
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
修改 【384行 server: 127.0.0.1为384 server: 本机的ip地址】【272行 next_server: 127.0.0.1为272 next_server: 本机的ip地址】
sed -i “s#server: 127.0.0.1#server: `ip addr|grep inet|grep brd|awk ‘{ print $2 }’|awk -F/ ‘{ print $1 }’`#g” /etc/cobbler/settings
2.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
修改“ disable = yes”为” disable = no” 用sed工具修改：
sed -i ’14s/^.*$/ disable = no/’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
3.执行一条命令：
cobbler get-loaders
4.启动rsyncd服务并添加为开机启动项：
systemctl start rsyncd.service
systemctl enable rsyncd.service
查看启动状态：
systemctl status rsyncd.service
systemctl restart xinetd
systemctl enable xinetd
5.设置密码：
openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘cobbler’ ‘cobbler’
执行结果：$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.
复制此结果到：
/etc/cobbler/settings
中
vim /etc/cobbler/settings：
101行 替换
default_password_crypted: “$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac.”
为
default_password_crypted: “$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.”
sed实现：
sed -i ‘s#default_password_crypted: “$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac.”#default_password_crypted: “$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.”#g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
安装其它两个模块：
yum -y install fence-agents debmirror
6.重启cobbler服务：
systemctl restart cobblerd
7.用cobbler sync同步一下
cobbler sync
再次执行：
cobbler check
vim /etc/debmirror.conf
修改@dists=”sid”;为#@dists=”sid”; //*其实就是注释掉这一行
修改@arches=”i386″;为#@arches=”i386″;//*其实就是注释掉这一行
sed -i ‘s/@dists=\”sid\”;/#@dists=\”sid\”;/g’ /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i ‘s/@arches=\”i386\”;/#@arches=\”i386\”;/g’ /etc/debmirror.conf
reboot
systemctl restart cobblerd
systemctl restart httpd
cobbler check
管理dhcp服务：
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
修改：242 manage_dhcp: 0为242manage_dhcp: 1
sed -i ‘s#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
cobbler自带dhcp配置文件：
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
查看dhcp的模板文件：
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
修改部分：
subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.2.1;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync
到此为止：cobbler装完了也配置好了；
distro发行版：centos6/7
1.挂载CentOS7系统ISO光盘
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
2.import导入系统镜像
cobbler import –path=/mnt/ –name=CentOS-7-x86-64 –arch=x86_64
–path 镜像路径
–name 安装源定义名称
–arch 制动操作系统平台是32/64位
镜像存放目录，cobbler会将所有的安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirrors
cobbler profile edit –name=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –kopts=’net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0′
vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-x86-64.cfg
lang en_US
keyboard us
timezone Asia/Shanghai
rootpw –iscrypted $default_password_crypted
text
install
url –url=$tree
bootloader –location=mbr
zerombr
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype xfs –size 1024 –ondisk sda
part swap –size 16384 –ondisk sda
part / –fstype xfs –size 1 –grow –ondisk sda
auth –useshadow –enablemd5
$SNIPPET(‘network_config’)
reboot
firewall –disabled
selinux –disabled
skipx
%pre
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre’)
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon’)
%end
%packages
@base
@core
sysstat
iptraf
ntp
lrzsz
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
tree
nmap
screen
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end
cobbler profile edit –name=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-x86-64.cfg
cobbler profile report
挂上配置文件
cobbler profile edit –name=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-x86-64.cfg
再挂载一块Centos6的ISO映像文件
先解除CentOS7的挂载：
umount /dev/cdrom
挂载Centos6镜像文件
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
import导入系统镜像
cobbler import –path=/mnt/ –name=CentOS-6-x86_64 –arch=x86_64
vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6-x86_64.cfg
auth –useshadow –enablemd5
bootloader –location=mbr
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype ext4 –size 1024 –ondisk sda
part swap –size 1 –grow –ondisk sda
part / –fstype ext4 –size 1 –grow –ondisk sda
text
firewall –disable
firstboot –disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url –url=$tree
$yum_repo_stanza
$SNIPPET(‘network_config’)
reboot
rootpw –iscrypted $default_password_crypted
selinux –disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai
install
zerombr
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%pre
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre’)
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon’)
%post
%end
先查看：
cobbler profile list
CentOS-6-64-x86_64
CentOS-7-64-x86_64
所以下面的–name=后面应该写入CentOS-6-64-x86_64
cobbler profile edit –name=CentOS-6-64-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6-x86_64.cfg
systemctl restart dhcpd
systemctl enable dhcpd
添加epel源：
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
yum makecache
Cobbler自定义重装
yum -y install koan
指定重装的系统[先在cobbler服务端用Cobbler profile list查看一下]
koan –server=192.168.2.13 –profile=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –display
koan –server=192.168.2.13 –profile=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –r //koan写入，只有写入后重启才会生效
Cobbler自定义仓库：
1.添加repo：
cobbler repo add –name=zabbix3.4 –mirror=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/ –arch=x86_64 –breed=yum
cobbler repo add –name=openstack-n-centos7 –mirror=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.5.1804/cloud/x86_64/openstack-ocata/ –arch=x86_64 –breed=yum
2.同步repo：
cobbler reposync
~[删除repo源]
cobbler repo remove –name=zabbix3.4
cobbler repo list
~[更改repo名称]
cobbler repo rename –name=openstack-n –newname=openstack-n-centos7
3.添加repo到对应的profile：
cobbler profile edit –name=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –repos=openstack-n-centos7
查看是否添加成功：
cobbler profile report –name=CentOS-7-64-x86_64
修改配置文件内容：
vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-x86-64.cfg
在systemctl disable postfix.service和%end中间添加一条：
$yum_config_stanza
添加定时任务，定期同步repo：
echo “00 3 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync –tries=3 –no-fail” >> /var/spool/cron/root
或者
echo “00 3 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync –tries=3 –no-fail >> /soft/scripts/log/cobbler_rsync.log”>> /var/spool/cron/root
替换系统选择界面：
vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
修改第三行：
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/i[修改为你自己想要的内容]
同步一下：
cobbler sync
Cobbler自定义安装：
唯一身份标识符：身份证
服务器标识符：MAC地址
MAC地址标识符–>固定IP地址 掩码 网关 dns 主机名
查看系统里面的profile：
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
CentOS-6-64-x86_64
CentOS-7-64-x86_64
自定义安装命令：
cobbler system add –name=linux-node2.com –mac=00:0C:29:56:97:81 –profile=CentOS-7-64-x86_64 –ip-address=192.168.2.110 –subnet=255.255.255.0 –gateway=192.168.2.1 –interface=eth0 –static=1 –hostname=linux-node2.com –name-servers=”8.8.8.8″
同步：
cobbler sync
查看创建情况：
cobbler system report
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