一 部署 kubelet


kubelet 运行在每个 worker 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理 Pod 容器,执行交互式命令,如 exec、run、logs 等。


kubelet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。


为确保安全,部署时关闭了 kubelet 的非安全 http 端口,对请求进行认证和授权,拒绝未授权的访问(如 apiserver、heapster 的请求)。


1.1 安装kubelet


提示:k8smaster01节点已下载相应二进制,可直接分发至node节点。


1.2 分发kubelet


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
  6     scp kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet root@${all_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
  7     ssh root@${all_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
  8   done


1.3 分发kubeconfig


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_name}"
  6 
  7     # 创建 token
  8     export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
  9       --description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
 10       --groups system:bootstrappers:${all_name} \
 11       --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
 12 
 13     # 设置集群参数
 14     kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
 15       --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
 16       --embed-certs=true \
 17       --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
 18       --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
 19 
 20     # 设置客户端认证参数
 21     kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
 22       --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
 23       --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
 24 
 25     # 设置上下文参数
 26     kubectl config set-context default \
 27       --cluster=kubernetes \
 28       --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
 29       --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
 30 
 31     # 设置默认上下文
 32     kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
 33   done


解释:


向 kubeconfig 写入的是 token,bootstrap 结束后 kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 client 和 server 证书。


token 有效期为 1 天,超期后将不能再被用来 boostrap kubelet,且会被 kube-controller-manager 的 tokencleaner 清理;


kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后,将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,后续将为这个 group 设置 ClusterRoleBinding。


  1 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config		#查看 kubeadm 为各节点创建的 token
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl get secrets  -n kube-system|grep bootstrap-token	#查看各 token 关联的 Secret


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1.5 分发bootstrap kubeconfig


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_name}"
  6     scp kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig root@${all_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
  7   done


1.6 创建kubelet 参数配置文件


从 v1.10 开始,部分 kubelet 参数需在配置文件中配置,建议创建kubelet配置文件。


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet-config.yaml.template <<EOF
  4 kind: KubeletConfiguration
  5 apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
  6 address: "##ALL_IP##"
  7 staticPodPath: ""
  8 syncFrequency: 1m
  9 fileCheckFrequency: 20s
 10 httpCheckFrequency: 20s
 11 staticPodURL: ""
 12 port: 10250
 13 readOnlyPort: 0
 14 rotateCertificates: true
 15 serverTLSBootstrap: true
 16 authentication:
 17   anonymous:
 18     enabled: false
 19   webhook:
 20     enabled: true
 21   x509:
 22     clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
 23 authorization:
 24   mode: Webhook
 25 registryPullQPS: 0
 26 registryBurst: 20
 27 eventRecordQPS: 0
 28 eventBurst: 20
 29 enableDebuggingHandlers: true
 30 enableContentionProfiling: true
 31 healthzPort: 10248
 32 healthzBindAddress: "##ALL_IP##"
 33 clusterDomain: "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}"
 34 clusterDNS:
 35   - "${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"
 36 nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
 37 nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
 38 imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
 39 imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
 40 imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
 41 volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
 42 kubeletCgroups: ""
 43 systemCgroups: ""
 44 cgroupRoot: ""
 45 cgroupsPerQOS: true
 46 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
 47 runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
 48 hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
 49 maxPods: 220
 50 podCIDR: "${CLUSTER_CIDR}"
 51 podPidsLimit: -1
 52 resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
 53 maxOpenFiles: 1000000
 54 kubeAPIQPS: 1000
 55 kubeAPIBurst: 2000
 56 serializeImagePulls: false
 57 evictionHard:
 58   memory.available:  "100Mi"
 59 nodefs.available:  "10%"
 60 nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
 61 imagefs.available: "15%"
 62 evictionSoft: {}
 63 enableControllerAttachDetach: true
 64 failSwapOn: true
 65 containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
 66 containerLogMaxFiles: 10
 67 systemReserved: {}
 68 kubeReserved: {}
 69 systemReservedCgroup: ""
 70 kubeReservedCgroup: ""
 71 enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]
 72 EOF


1.7 分发kubelet 参数配置文件


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
  6     sed -e "s/##ALL_IP##/${all_ip}/" kubelet-config.yaml.template > kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template
  7     scp kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template root@${all_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml
  8   done


1.8 创建kubelet systemd


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
  4 [Unit]
  5 Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
  6 Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
  7 After=docker.service
  8 Requires=docker.service
  9 
 10 [Service]
 11 WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet
 12 ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \\
 13   --allow-privileged=true \\
 14   --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
 15   --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \\
 16   --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \\
 17   --container-runtime=docker \\
 18   --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock \\
 19   --root-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet \\
 20   --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
 21   --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \\
 22   --hostname-override=##ALL_NAME## \\
 23   --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k8s_images/pause-amd64:3.1 \\
 24   --image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \\
 25   --volume-plugin-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/ \\
 26   --logtostderr=true \\
 27   --v=2
 28 Restart=always
 29 RestartSec=5
 30 StartLimitInterval=0
 31 
 32 [Install]
 33 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 34 EOF


解释:




  • 如果设置了 –hostname-override 选项,则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项,否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况;

  • –bootstrap-kubeconfig:指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件,kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求;

  • K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后,在 –cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件,然后写入 –kubeconfig 文件;

  • –pod-infra-container-image 不使用 redhat 的 pod-infrastructure:latest 镜像,它不能回收容器的僵尸。


1.9 分发kubelet systemd


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_name}"
  6     sed -e "s/##ALL_NAME##/${all_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${all_name}.service
  7     scp kubelet-${all_name}.service root@${all_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
  8   done


二 启动验证


2.1 授权


kubelet 启动时查找 –kubeletconfig 参数对应的文件是否存在,如果不存在则使用 –bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定的 kubeconfig 文件向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。


kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后,对其中的 Token 进行认证,认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。


默认情况下,这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限,因此kubelet 会启动失败,可通过如下方式创建一个 clusterrolebinding,将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定。



  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]#  kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers


2.2 启动kubelet


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${all_name}"
  5     ssh root@${all_name} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/"
  6     ssh root@${all_name} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
  7     ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
  8   done


kubelet 启动后使用 –bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求,当这个 CSR 被 approve 后,kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 –kubeletconfig 文件。


注意:kube-controller-manager 需要配置 –cluster-signing-cert-file 和 –cluster-signing-key-file 参数,才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。


提示:


启动服务前必须先创建工作目录;


关闭 swap 分区,否则 kubelet 会启动失败。


2.3 查看kubelet服务


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${all_name}"
  5     ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl status kubelet"
  6   done
  7 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr
  8 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes


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三 approve CSR 请求


3.1 自动 approve CSR 请求


创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding,分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书。


  1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8snode01 work]# cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
  3  # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
  4  kind: ClusterRoleBinding
  5  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  6  metadata:
  7    name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
  8  subjects:
  9  - kind: Group
 10    name: system:bootstrappers
 11    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 12  roleRef:
 13    kind: ClusterRole
 14    name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
 15    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 16 ---
 17  # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
 18  kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 19  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 20  metadata:
 21    name: node-client-cert-renewal
 22  subjects:
 23  - kind: Group
 24    name: system:nodes
 25    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 26  roleRef:
 27    kind: ClusterRole
 28    name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
 29    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 30 ---
 31 # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
 32 # serving cert matching its client cert.
 33 kind: ClusterRole
 34 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 35 metadata:
 36   name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
 37 rules:
 38 - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
 39   resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
 40   verbs: ["create"]
 41 ---
 42  # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
 43  kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 44  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 45  metadata:
 46    name: node-server-cert-renewal
 47  subjects:
 48  - kind: Group
 49    name: system:nodes
 50    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 51  roleRef:
 52    kind: ClusterRole
 53    name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
 54    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 55 EOF
 56 [root@k8snode01 work]# kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml


解释:


auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR; 注意第一次 CSR 时,请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers;


node-client-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;


node-server-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes。


3.2 查看 kubelet 的情况


  1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr | grep boot		#等待一段时间(1-10 分钟),三个节点的 CSR 都被自动 approved
  2 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes			#所有节点均 ready
  3 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
  4 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet


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3.3 手动 approve server cert csr


基于安全性考虑,CSR approving controllers 不会自动 approve kubelet server 证书签名请求,需要手动 approve。


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get csr
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl certificate approve csr-2kmtj
  3 


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  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-*


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四 kubelet API 接口


4.1 kubelet 提供的 API 接口


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet			#查看kubelet监听端口


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解释:




  • 10248: healthz http 服务;

  • 10250: https 服务,访问该端口时需要认证和授权(即使访问 /healthz 也需要);

  • 未开启只读端口 10255;

  • 从 K8S v1.10 开始,去除了 –cadvisor-port 参数(默认 4194 端口),不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API。


4.2 kubelet api 认证和授权


kubelet 配置了如下认证参数:




  • authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口;

  • authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTPs 证书认证;

  • authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证。


同时配置了如下授权参数:


authroization.mode=Webhook:开启 RBAC 授权。



kubelet 收到请求后,使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证,或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过,则拒绝请求,提示 Unauthorized。


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics   
  2 Unauthorized[root@k8smaster01 ~]#
  3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics   
  4 Unauthorized


若通过认证后,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求,查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)。


4.3 证书认证和授权


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics	#默认权限不足
  2 Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
  3 curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head				#使用最高权限的admin


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解释:


–cacert、–cert、–key 的参数值必须是文件路径,如上面的 ./admin.pem 不能省略 ./,否则返回 401 Unauthorized。


4.4 创建bear token 认证和授权


  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
  3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
  4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
  5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# echo ${TOKEN}


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  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head


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4.5 cadvisor 和 metrics


cadvisor 是内嵌在 kubelet 二进制中的,统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况的服务。


浏览器访问 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 和 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kubelet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。


注意:


kubelet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false,不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务;


参考https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/blob/master/A.%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AEkube-apiserver%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3.md,创建和导入相关证书,然后访问上面的 10250 端口。

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本文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/itzgr/p/11880941.html