分布式远程调用SpringCloud-Feign的两种具体操作方式(精华)
一 前言
几大RPC框架介绍
spring cloud远程调用方式—Feign
Feign是一个声明似的web服务客户端,它使得编写web服务客户端变得更加容易。使用Fegin创建一个接口并对它进行注解。它具有可插拔的注解支持包括Feign注解与JAX-RS注解,Feign还支持可插拔的编码器与解码器,Spring Cloud 增加了对 Spring MVC的注解,Spring Web 默认使用了HttpMessageConverters, Spring Cloud 集成 Ribbon 和 Eureka 提供的负载均衡的HTTP客户端 Feign。
官方解释: Feign is a Java to HTTP client binder inspired by Retrofit, JAXRS-2.0, and WebSocket. Feign’s first goal was reducing the complexity of binding Denominator uniformly to HTTP APIs regardless of ReSTfulness.
Feign的两种调用方式
1 直接在调用者声明Feign客户端
如下图所示, service-b 声明一个接口, 去调用路径为 /user/get 的服务 service-a 的服务
2 在被调用者接口Api中声明Feign客户端
如下图, 在被调用者中声明接口, 去调用自己, 这种方法遵循面向接口编程, 而且使用起来, 就类似dubbo一样, @Autowire直接注入就可以使用了.
以上可能看得读者一头雾水, 以下具体的代码流程, 可以方便更加具体的了解
二 案例1直接在调用者声明Feign客户端代码实现
以下步骤为手把手教学, 请明白我的良苦用心
步骤0 创建一个SpringCloud-Eureka注册中心
首先创建一个父项目
把其他都删除, 剩下pom文件
以下为父项目的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <!--springboot version 2.1.4--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <!--springcloud version Greenwish.SR1--> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
创建eureka项目
项目结构如图
添加eureka的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>eureka</artifactId> <!--eureka服务端配置--> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
添加application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
# 是否把自己作为服务注册到其他服务注册中心
registerWithEureka: false
# 是否从其他的服务中心同步服务列表
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
server:
# 关闭保护机制,默认true
enable-self-preservation: false
# 剔除失效服务间隔,默认60000
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 3000
添加启动类代码EurekaApplication
/** * @author c-can-z */ @EnableEurekaServer @SpringBootApplication public class EurekaApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class,args); } }
浏览器输入 http://localhost:8761/
步骤1 准备一个服务servicea — 该服务为被调用者
步骤2 准备一个服务serviceb — 该服务为调用者
创建一个serviceb
添加一下serviceb必须的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>serviceb</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--springboot web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--springboot 测试--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <!--eureka客户端配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <!--微服务调用--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin客户端配置, 已经包含sleuth--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
把 application.properties 修改为 application.yml, 本服务名称为 service-b 端口为 9992
server:
port: 9992
spring:
application:
name: service-b
zipkin:
base-url: http://localhost:9411
sleuth:
sampler:
probability: 1
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #eureka client刷新本地缓存时间,默认30
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
#Eureka客户端向服务端发送心跳的时间间隔,单位为秒(客户端告诉服务端自己会按照该规则),默认30
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
#Eureka服务端在收到最后一次心跳之后等待的时间上限,单位为秒,超过则剔除(客户端告诉服务端按照此规则等待自己),默认90
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 7
feign:
client:
config:
default:
connectTimeout: 7000
readTimeout: 7000
service-b:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
logging:
level:
root: info
导入启动类文件
@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients public class SeriveBApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SeriveBApplication.class,args); } }
创建Feign客户端
//在创建该步骤的时候, 需要关注一下步骤1的说明 //@FeignClient(name = "service-a")注解来绑定该接口对应servic-a服务 @FeignClient(name = "service-a") public interface UserFeginClient { //service-a服务对应资源路径.必须加上@RequestParam, 否则会报错,返回参数也必须对应上 @RequestMapping("user/get") String get(@RequestParam("id")Long id); }
在controller中直接进行调用
@RestController @RequestMapping("/product") public class ProductController { @Autowired private UserFeginClient userFeginClient; @RequestMapping("/get") public String get(Long id){ return "产品服务抽奖: "+userFeginClient.get(id); } }
步骤3 测试Feign调用效果
三 案例2 在被调用者接口Api中声明Feign客户端代码实现
步骤1 创建servicecapi, 该Api用来创建Feign客户端
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>servicec-api</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <!--微服务调用--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
实体类product
public class Product implements Serializable { private Long id; private String name; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
}
feign客户端
/** * 服务名称 * @author c-can-z */ @FeignClient(name="service-c") public interface ProductFeignApi { //动态代理需要的地址, 但是我们实际操作不到 @RequestMapping("/servicec/get") Product get(@RequestParam("id") Long id); }
步骤2 创建servicec服务
项目结构
service项目依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>servicec</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--springboot web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--eureka客户端配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin客户端配置, 已经包含sleuth--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <!--springboot 测试--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--导入api--> <dependency> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <artifactId>servicec-api</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
servicec的 application.yml
server:
port: 9993
spring:
application:
name: service-c
zipkin:
base-url: http://localhost:9411
sleuth:
sampler:
probability: 1
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #eureka client刷新本地缓存时间,默认30
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
#Eureka客户端向服务端发送心跳的时间间隔,单位为秒(客户端告诉服务端自己会按照该规则),默认30
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
#Eureka服务端在收到最后一次心跳之后等待的时间上限,单位为秒,超过则剔除(客户端告诉服务端按照此规则等待自己),默认90
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 7
feign:
client:
config:
default:
connectTimeout: 7000
readTimeout: 7000
logging:
level:
root: info
实现Feign客户端接口, 也是该文章的核心代码
采用实现的方式
/** * 远程调用接口的实现类 * @author c-can-z */ @RestController public class ProductFeignClient implements ProductFeignApi { @Override public Product get(Long id) { Product product = new Product(); product.setId(id); product.setName("我是服务C"); return product; } }
servicec的启动类
@SpringBootApplication public class ProductServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProductServerApplication.class, args); } }
步骤3 创建serviced服务去调用servicec
项目结构
注意启动类的位置, servicecapi的路径必须被启动类扫描到
serviced的依赖,
注意, 必须引入servicec的api, 有人会说有代码侵入的问题, 但是对比案例1, 如果多个项目调用, 要创建多个Feign客户端, 孰是孰非, 还得看项目的具体需求
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>serviced</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--springboot web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--springboot 测试--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <!--eureka客户端配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!--微服务调用--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin客户端配置, 已经包含sleuth--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fegin</groupId> <artifactId>servicec-api</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
serviced的 application.yml
server:
port: 9994
spring:
application:
name: service-d
zipkin:
base-url: http://localhost:9411
sleuth:
sampler:
probability: 1
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #eureka client刷新本地缓存时间,默认30
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
#Eureka客户端向服务端发送心跳的时间间隔,单位为秒(客户端告诉服务端自己会按照该规则),默认30
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
#Eureka服务端在收到最后一次心跳之后等待的时间上限,单位为秒,超过则剔除(客户端告诉服务端按照此规则等待自己),默认90
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 7
feign:
client:
config:
default:
connectTimeout: 7000
readTimeout: 7000
logging:
level:
root: info
serviced的控制类
/** * @author c-can-z */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired private ProductFeignApi productFeignApi; @RequestMapping("/get") public String get(Long id){ Product product = productFeignApi.get(id); return "订单为: 货品:" + product.getName() + ", 货品id:"+product.getId(); } }
serviced的启动类
/** * @author c-can-z */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients public class ServiceDApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ServiceDApplication.class,args); } }
步骤4 测试Feign调用效果
http://localhost:9994/order/get?id=5
四 总结
到了这里, 不知道你是否理解 直接在调用者声明Feign客户端 或者 在被调用者接口Api中声明Feign客户端
直接在调用者声明Feign客户端:
每一个服务调用其他服务, 就需要创建一个客户端, 从代码方面来说, 相对比较麻烦
在被调用者接口Api中声明Feign客户端:
从调用者来看, 使用起来就跟使用淘宝的dubbo一样方便, 但是每一个服务调用其他服务, 就需要引入其他服务的api依赖, 从项目之间的互相依赖来看, 相对来说, 也会比较麻烦.