————恢复内容开始————

RabbitMQ简介

各大主流中间件对比

 

ActiveMQ Apache 出品,最流行的,能力强劲的开源消息总线,并且它一个完全支持 J M S 规范的消息中间件。

其丰富的 API 、多种集群构建模式使得他成为业界老牌消息中间件,在中小型企业中应用广泛!

MQ 衡量指标:服务性能、数据存储、集群架构

 

Kafka

 

RocketMQ是阿里开源的消息中间件,目前也已经孵化为Apache顶级项目,

它是纯java开发,具有高吞吐量、高可用性、适合大规模分布式系统 应用的特点。

RocketMQ思路起源于Kafka,它对消息的可靠传输及事务 性做了优化,

目前在阿里集团被广泛应用于交易、充值、流计算、消息推 送、日志流式处理、binglog分发等场景

 

RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统,基于AMQP协议 来实现。

AMQP主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布 /订阅)、可靠性、安全AMQP协议更多用在企业系统内,

对数据_致 性、稳定性和可靠性要求很髙的场景,对性能和吞吐量的要求还在其次。

 

 

结论:

activiMq老牌消息中间件,api全面,但是吞吐量不大

Kafaka吞吐量大,但是数据无法保证不丢失,主要面向大数据

rokectMQ:吞吐量大,保证数据不丢失,并且支持分布式事物,但是商业版需要收费

rabbitMQ:吞吐量大,数据不易丢失

 

初识RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ是—个开源的消息代理和队列服务器,用来通过普通协议 在完全不同的应用之间共享数据,RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言来编写 的,并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的。

 

哪些大厂在用RabbitMQ,为什幺?

滴滴、美团、头条、去哪儿、艺龙……

开源、性能优秀,稳定性保障

提供可靠性消息投递模式(confirm)、返回模式(return )

SpringAMQP完美的整合、API丰富

集群模式丰富,表达式配置,HA模式,镜像队列模型

保证数据不丟失的前提做到高可靠性、可用性

 

RabbitMQ高性能的原因?

Erlang语言最初在于交换机领域的架构模式,这样使得 RabbitMQBroker之间进行数据交互的性能是非常优秀的

Erlang的优点:Erlang有着和原生Socket—样的延迟

 

什么是AMQP高级消息队列协议?

AMQP定义:

是具有现代特征的二进制协议;

是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议;

是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计;

 

AMQP核心概念(重点)

Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接,实现AMQP实体服务

Connection连接:应用程序与Broker的网络连接

Channel网络通道,几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行,Channel是进行消息读写的通道;客户端可建立多个Channel,每个Channel代表一个会话任务;

Message消息,服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据,由PropertiesBody组成。Properties可以对消息进行装饰,比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性;Body则就是消息体内容;

Virtual host虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由;一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个ExchangeQueue,同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的ExchangeQueue

Exchange交换机,交换消息,根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列;

BindingExchangeQueue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key

Routing key:一个路由规则,虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息

Queue:也称为Message Queue,消息队列,保存消息并将它们转发给消费者

 

 

RabbitMQ安装及使用

Centos安装方式

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

注意:Erlang语言与RabbitMQ安装版本必须匹配

 

RabbitMQ安装与使用

官网地址:https://www.rabbitmq.com/

提前准备:安装Linux必要依赖包

下载RabbitMQ必须安装包

配置文件修改

服务的启动:rabbitmq-server start &

服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app

管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

访问地址:http://ip:15672/

 

详细步骤

准备:

yum install \

build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel \

make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz -y

 

下载:

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

 

安装:

rpm -ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh socat-1.7.3.2-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm  –nodeps –force

rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

 

配置文件:

vi /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app

比如修改密码、配置等等,例如:loopback_users 中的 <<“guest”>>,只保留guest

服务启动和停止:

启动 rabbitmq-server start &

停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop

查看服务是否成功:

yum install lsof

lsof -i:5672

 

管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

访问地址:http://IP:15672/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Docker安装方式

注意获取镜像的时候要获取management版本的,不要获取last版本的,management版本的才带有管理界面

 

   #1.查询镜像

   docker search rabbitmq:management

 

   #2.获取镜像

   docker pull rabbitmq:management

  

   #3.运行镜像

   ##方式一:默认guest用户,密码也是guest

   docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 –name rabbitmq rabbitmq:management

 执行我标记为红色的就已经行了,账户和密码就使用默认的

   ##方式二:设置用户名和密码

   docker run -d \

     –name my-rabbitmq \

     -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 \

     -v /data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \

     –hostname my-rabbitmq-host \

     -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost \

     -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \

     -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin \

     –restart=always \

     rabbitmq:management

 

   参数说明:

   -d:后台运行容器

   -name:指定容器名

   -p:指定服务运行的端口(5672:应用访问端口;15672:控制台Web端口号)

   -v:映射目录或文件,启动了一个数据卷容器,数据卷路径为:/var/lib/rabbitmq,再将此数据卷映射到住宿主机的/data目录

   –hostname:主机名(RabbitMQ的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 节点名称存储数据,默认为主机名)

   -e:指定环境变量;(RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST:默认虚拟机名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER:默认的用户名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS:默认用户名的密码)

   –restart=always:当Docker重启时,容器能自动启动   

   rabbitmq:management:镜像名

   

   1RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhostmy_vhost名字请记好,在之后的编程中要用到,

        如果启动时没指定,默认值为/

 

   #4.进入RabbitMQ管理平台进行相关操作

    

 

   1:容器启动后,可以通过docker logs 窗口ID/容器名字 查看日志

        docker logs my-rabbitmq    

   2:停止并删除所有容器

        docker stop $(docker ps -aq) && docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

常用操作命令

命令行与管控台基础操作

rabbitmqctl stop_app:关闭应用

rabbitmqctl start_app:启动应用

rabbitmqctl status:节点状态

rabbitmqctl add_user username password:添加用户

rabbitmqctl list_users:列出所有用户

rabbitmqctl delete_user username:删除用户

rabbitmqctl clear_permissions -p vhostpath username:清除用户权限

rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions username:列出用户权限

rabbitmqctl change_password username newpassword:修改密码

rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p vhostpath username “.*” “.*” “.*”

rabbitmqctl add_vhost vhostpath:创建虚拟主机

rabbitmqctl list_vhosts:列出所有虚拟主机

rabbitmqctl list_permissions -p vhostpath:列出虚拟主机上所有权限

rabbitmqctl delete_vhost vhostpath:删除虚拟主机

rabbitmqctl list_queues:查看所有队列信息

rabbitmqctl -p vhostpath purge_queue blue:清除队列里的消息

 

 

命令行与管控台高级操作

rabbitmqctl reset:移除所有数据,要在rabbitmqctl stop_app之后使用

rabbitmqctl join_cluster <clustermode> [–ram]:组成集群命令

rabbitmqctl cluster_status:查看集群状态

rabbitmqctl change_cluster_node_type disc | ram:修改集群节点的存储形式

rabbitmqctl forget_cluster_node {–offline} 忘记节点 (摘除节点)

rabbitmqctl rename_cluster_node oldnode1 newnode1 [oldnode2] [newnode2…] (修改节点名称)

 

 

 

控制台介绍

 

RabbitMQ快速入门

极速入门消息生产与消费

ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂

Connection:一个链接

Channel:数据通信通道,课发送和接收消息

Queue:具体的消息存储队列

Producer & Consumer:生产和消费者

创建一个springboot项目: rabbitmq-api

导入pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>

消费端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.quickstart;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

import java.io.IOException;


public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 声明(创建)一个队列
        String queueName = “test001”;
//        参数:队列名称、持久化与否、独占与否、无消息队列是否自动删除、消息参数
//        queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete, Map<String, Object> arguments)
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);

        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);

        //6 设置Channel
//         参数:队列名称、自动签收、消费者回调
//        basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

        while(true){
            //7 获取消息(Delivery:传送)
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println(“消费端: ” + msg);
            //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
        }

    }
}

 

 

生产端

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.quickstart;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
            String msg = “Hello RabbitMQ!”;
            //1 exchange   2 routingKey
            channel.basicPublish(“”, “test001”, null, msg.getBytes());
        }

        //5 记得要关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

 

 

交换机

 

交换机属性:

Name:交换机名称

Type:交换机类型 directtopicfanoutheaders

Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化

Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange

Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False

Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用

 

 直流交换机

直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchangedefault Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;

 

消费端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_direct_exchange”;
        String exchangeType = “direct”;
        String queueName = “test_direct_queue”;
        String routingKey = “test.direct”;

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(“收到消息:” + msg);
        }
    }
}

 

生产端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_direct_exchange”;
        String routingKey = “test.direct”;
//        String routingKey = “test.direct111”; //收不到
        //5 发送

        String msg = “Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 … “;
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());

    }
}

 

 

主题交换机

主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定TopicQueue上;

ExchangeRouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic

 

注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

符号:#” 匹配一个或者多个词

符号:*” 匹配不多不少一个词

列如:

log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa

log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err

 

消费端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_topic_exchange”;
        String exchangeType = “topic”;
        String queueName = “test_topic_queue”;
        String routingKey = “user.#”;
//        String routingKey = “user.*”;
        // 1 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(“收到消息:” + msg);
        }
    }
}

 

生产端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_topic_exchange”;
        String routingKey1 = “user.save”;
        String routingKey2 = “user.update”;
        String routingKey3 = “user.delete.abc”;
        //5 发送

        String msg = “Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message …”;
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

 

 

输出交换机

输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)

不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;

发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;

Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

 

消费端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_fanout_exchange”;
        String exchangeType = “fanout”;
        String queueName = “test_fanout_queue”;
        String routingKey = “”;    //不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(“收到消息:” + msg);
        }
    }
}

 

 

 

生产端代码

package com.hu.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.146.138”);
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = “test_fanout_exchange”;
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = “Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message …”;
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, “”, null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

 

Binding-绑定

ExchangeExchangeQueue之间的连接关系;

Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数

 

Queue-消息队列

消息队列,实际存储消息数据

Durability:是否持久化

Durable:是,Transient:否

Auto delete:如选yes,代表当最后一个监听被移除之后,该Queue会自动被删除

 

Message-消息

服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据

本质上就是一段数据,由PropertiesPayloadBody)组成

常用属性:delivery modelheaders(自定义属性)

 

Message-其他属性

content_typecontent_encodingpriority

correlation_idreply_toexpirationmessage_id

Timestamptypeuser_idapp_idcluster_id

 

Virtual host-虚拟主机

虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由

一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个ExchangeQueue

同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的ExchangeQueue

 

小结:

RabbitMQ的概念、安装与使用、管控台操作;

结合RabbitMQ的特性、ExchangeQueueBindingRoutingKeyMessage进行核心API的讲解

 

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