Ubuntu18.04安装openCV4.1.2
Ubuntu18.04下安装openCV4.1.2
注意：
在整个安装过程中，包括后期QT的使用中不要出现中文路径。会很坑的。
一、下载openCV4.1.2
可以再官网进行下载https://opencv.org/releases/->选择Sources下载源码然后进行编译安装
也可以在https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/4.1.2下载源码进行编译安装
也可以在百度云盘下载安装https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIqIvyA6BjjAy1pkC-Mg0w。
二、更新Ubuntu18.04apt源为阿里源(如果已更新或者其他源可以自己尝试)。
// 1.备份/etc/apt/sources.list
1 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
// 2.打开/etc/apt/sources.list
1 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
// 3.删除文件内所有内容
// 4.将一下内容复制进/etc/apt/sources.list文件中
1 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 2 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 3 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 4 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 5 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 6 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 7 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 8 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 9 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 10 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
// 5.更新源
1 sudo apt-get update 2 sudo apt-get upgrade
三、解决ubuntu1804无法安装libjasper-dev问题（速度会非常的慢，一定要耐心等待）
// 1.检测是否有问题
1 apt-get install libjasper-dev
如果有报错信息：errorE: unable to locate libjasper-dev则继续解决一下问题，没有则可跳过第三步。
// 2.解决方案
1 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main" 2 sudo apt update 3 sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev
添加一个源来重新安装，其中，libjasper1是新的依赖项。
但是上述命令会可能产生新的问题。无法找到add-apt-repository问题
// 3.解决add-apt-repository问题
1 apt-get -y install software-properties-common 2 apt-get -y install apt-file 3 apt-get update
四、添加openCV安装的相关准备
//1.安装cmake(如果已经安装过可以忽略)
1 sudo apt-get install cmake
// 2.安装openCV相关依赖（如果刚才第三步失败或者跳过的话可能 libjasper-dev 会报错）
1 sudo apt-get install build-essential libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
事实上，OpenCV的依赖项众多，在cmake阶段检查依赖项是否安装，调整自己的功能。因此，可根据项目需要调整安装依赖项。
五、安装openCV
//1.将下载的opencv-4.1.2.zip拷贝到主目录下，并解压缩
// 2.打开终端并切换至主目录下的openCV-4.1.2
1 cd /home/DepZcb/openCV-4.1.2
// 3.在openCV-4.1.2下创建一个名为build目录，并切换到这个目录下
1 mkdir build 2 cd ./build
// 4.执行cmake，生成makefile文件
1 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
命令说明:
OpenCV4默认不生成.pc文件，OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON才会生成。该编译选项开启生成opencv4.pc文件，支持pkg-config功能。
可用-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定安装目录。如果指定安装目录则默认各部分分别安装在/usr/local/目录的include/ bin/ lib/3个文件夹下.
.. 为上一级目录。
// 5.执行makefile文件(有些人说上一步不会生成makefile，我在虚拟机和纯系统中都试过，在deepin下安装也试过没有出现类似问题。但出现了一堆其他问题，感觉还是源没有配置好)
1 sudo make -j[N]
说明:-j[n]我的电脑是四核四线程，可以运行make -j4，如果是八核可用make -j8。如果不想编译时影响工作，可以用-j3。建议虚拟机的同学就直接运行sudo make就行.
这一步事件很长的，大概需要半个小时往上。请耐心等待。
// 6.进行make install安装
1 sudo make install
六、C++环境配置
// 1.先在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/文件夹下新建一个opencv4.conf，然后再文件中写入/usr/local/lib。
1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ 2 sudo touch opencv4.conf 3 sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv4.conf'入代码片
// 2.更新pkg-config
1 sudo ldconfig
// 3.查看安装
1 pkg-config --libs opencv4 2 pkg-config --cflags opencv4
// 4.配置bash
1 sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc 2 //在末尾添加 3 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig 4 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
//5.更新bash
1 sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc 2 //激活配置然后更新database 3 sudo updatedb
可能会遇到问题sudo: source: command not found,这时可如下2步处理（如图）:
1> sudo -s
2> source /etc/profile
安装完成
七、可能出现的问题
// 1.QT5 Core编译错误
1 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:18 (find_package): 2 By not providing "FindQt5Core.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has 3 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core", but 4 CMake did not find one. 5 6 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core" with any 7 of the following names: 8 9 Qt5CoreConfig.cmake 10 qt5core-config.cmake 11 12 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Core" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 13 "Qt5Core_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If 14 "Qt5Core" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 15 been installed. 16 Call Stack (most recent call first): 17 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 18 19 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:19 (find_package): 20 By not providing "FindQt5Gui.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has 21 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui", but 22 CMake did not find one. 23 24 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui" with any 25 of the following names: 26 27 Qt5GuiConfig.cmake 28 qt5gui-config.cmake 29 30 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Gui" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 31 "Qt5Gui_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If "Qt5Gui" 32 provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been 33 installed. 34 Call Stack (most recent call first): 35 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 36 37 38 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:20 (find_package): 39 By not providing "FindQt5Widgets.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project 40 has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by 41 "Qt5Widgets", but CMake did not find one. 42 43 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Widgets" with 44 any of the following names: 45 46 Qt5WidgetsConfig.cmake 47 qt5widgets-config.cmake 48 49 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Widgets" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 50 "Qt5Widgets_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If 51 "Qt5Widgets" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 52 been installed. 53 54 Call Stack (most recent call first): 55 56 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 57 58 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:21 (find_package): 59 60 By not providing "FindQt5Test.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test", but 61 62 CMake did not find one. 63 64 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test" with any 65 66 of the following names: 67 68 Qt5TestConfig.cmake 69 qt5test-config.cmake 70 71 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Test" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 72 "Qt5Test_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If 73 "Qt5Test" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 74 been installed. 75 Call Stack (most recent call first): 76 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 77 78 79 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:22 (find_package): 80 By not providing "FindQt5Concurrent.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this 81 project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by 82 "Qt5Concurrent", but CMake did not find one. 83 84 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Concurrent" 85 with any of the following names: 86 87 Qt5ConcurrentConfig.cmake 88 qt5concurrent-config.cmake 89 90 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Concurrent" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 91 "Qt5Concurrent_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If 92 "Qt5Concurrent" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it 93 has been installed. 94 Call Stack (most recent call first): 95 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 96 97 qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file or directory 98 CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindQt4.cmake:1386 (message): 99 Found unsuitable Qt version "" from NOTFOUND, this code requires Qt 4.x 100 Call Stack (most recent call first): 101 cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:34 (find_package) 102 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 103 104 -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! 105 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log". 106 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log". 107 108 Qt5Core-CMake did not find one
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解决办法：安装qt5-default
1 sudo apt-get install qt5-default
八、python环境的配置
// 1.安装python和numpy
1 sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpy #如果已经安装过，则该步骤省略
// 2.验证
$ python3 >>> import cv2 >>> print(cv2.__version__) '4.1.1' >>>
九、卸载openCV
如果安装出现了百度不能解决的问题。最好的办法就是卸载重新装一次(第一次安装时前前后后卸载了四五次)。
// 1. 删除openCV4.conf
1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ 2 sudo rm opencv4.conf
// 2.卸载
1 cd 2 cd ./OpenCV-4.1.1/build 3 sudo make uinstall