前面的两篇文章(Redis的持久化方案一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案)分别介绍了Redis的持久化与集群方案 —— 包括主从复制模式、哨兵模式、Cluster模式,其中主从复制模式由于不能自动做故障转移,当节点出现故障时需要人为干预,不满足生产环境的高可用需求,所以在生产环境一般使用哨兵模式或Cluster模式。那么在Spring Boot项目中,如何访问这两种模式的Redis集群,可能遇到哪些问题,是本文即将介绍的内容。

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis

spring boot中整合Redis非常简单,在pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring boot 2的spring-boot-starter-data-redis中,默认使用的是lettuce作为redis客户端,它与jedis的主要区别如下:

  1. Jedis是同步的,不支持异步,Jedis客户端实例不是线程安全的,需要每个线程一个Jedis实例,所以一般通过连接池来使用Jedis
  2. Lettuce是基于Netty框架的事件驱动的Redis客户端,其方法调用是异步的,Lettuce的API也是线程安全的,所以多个线程可以操作单个Lettuce连接来完成各种操作,同时Lettuce也支持连接池

如果不使用默认的lettuce,使用jedis的话,可以排除lettuce的依赖,手动加入jedis依赖,配置如下

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
            <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>

在配置文件application.yml中添加配置(针对单实例)

spring:
  redis:
    host: 192.168.40.201
    port: 6379
    password: passw0rd
    database: 0 # 数据库索引,默认0
    timeout: 5000  # 连接超时,单位ms
    jedis:  # 或lettuce, 连接池配置,springboot2.0中使用jedis或者lettuce配置连接池,默认为lettuce连接池
      pool:
        max-active: 8 # 连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)
        max-wait: -1 # 连接池分配连接最大阻塞等待时间(阻塞时间到,抛出异常。使用负值表示无限期阻塞)
        max-idle: 8 # 连接池中的最大空闲连接数
        min-idle: 0 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接数

然后添加配置类。其中@EnableCaching注解是为了使@Cacheable、@CacheEvict、@CachePut、@Caching注解生效

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        // 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerialize 替换默认的jdkSerializeable序列化
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
        om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);

        StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();

        // key采用String的序列化方式
        template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
        // hash的key也采用String的序列化方式
        template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
        // value序列化方式采用jackson
        template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson
        template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }
}

上述配置类注入了自定义的RedisTemplate<String, Object>, 替换RedisAutoConfiguration中自动配置的RedisTemplate<Object, Object>类(RedisAutoConfiguration另外还自动配置了StringRedisTemplate)。

此时,我们可以通过定义一个基于RedisTemplate的工具类,或通过在Service层添加@Cacheable、@CacheEvict、@CachePut、@Caching注解来使用缓存。比如定义一个RedisService类,封装常用的Redis操作方法,

@Component
@Slf4j
public class RedisService {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    /**
     * 指定缓存失效时间
     *
     * @param key 键
     * @param time 时间(秒)
     * @return
     */
    public boolean expire(String key, long time) {
        try {
            if (time > 0) {
                redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("exception when expire key {}. ", key, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根据key获取过期时间
     *
     * @param key 键 不能为null
     * @return 时间(秒) 返回0代表为永久有效
     */
    public long getExpire(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * 判断key是否存在
     *
     * @param key  键
     * @return true 存在 false不存在
     */
    public boolean hasKey(String key) {
        try {
            return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("exception when check key {}. ", key, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

   ...
}

出于篇幅,完整代码请查阅本文示例源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-sentinel

或在Service层使用注解,如

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames = "users")
public class UserService {

    private static Map<String, User> userMap = new HashMap<>();

    @CachePut(key = "#user.username")
    public User addUser(User user){
        user.setUid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        System.out.println("add user: " + user);
        userMap.put(user.getUsername(), user);
        return user;
    }

    @Caching(put = {
            @CachePut( key = "#user.username"),
            @CachePut( key = "#user.uid")
    })
    public User addUser2(User user) {
        user.setUid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        System.out.println("add user2: " + user);
        userMap.put(user.getUsername(), user);
        return user;
    }
    ...
}

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis哨兵模式

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis哨兵模式除了配置稍有差异,其它与整合单实例模式类似,配置示例为

spring:
  redis:
    password: passw0rd
    timeout: 5000
    sentinel:
      master: mymaster
      nodes: 192.168.40.201:26379,192.168.40.201:36379,192.168.40.201:46379 # 哨兵的IP:Port列表
    jedis: # 或lettuce
      pool:
        max-active: 8
        max-wait: -1
        max-idle: 8
        min-idle: 0

完整示例可查阅源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-sentinel

上述配置只指定了哨兵节点的地址与master的名称,但Redis客户端最终访问操作的是master节点,那么Redis客户端是如何获取master节点的地址,并在发生故障转移时,如何自动切换master地址的呢?我们以Jedis连接池为例,通过源码来揭开其内部实现的神秘面纱。

在 JedisSentinelPool 类的构造函数中,对连接池做了初始化,如下

 public JedisSentinelPool(String masterName, Set<String> sentinels,
      final GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig, final int connectionTimeout, final int soTimeout,
      final String password, final int database, final String clientName) {
    this.poolConfig = poolConfig;
    this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;
    this.soTimeout = soTimeout;
    this.password = password;
    this.database = database;
    this.clientName = clientName;

    HostAndPort master = initSentinels(sentinels, masterName);
    initPool(master);
 }

private HostAndPort initSentinels(Set<String> sentinels, final String masterName) {

    for (String sentinel : sentinels) {
      final HostAndPort hap = HostAndPort.parseString(sentinel);

      log.fine("Connecting to Sentinel " + hap);

      Jedis jedis = null;
      try {
        jedis = new Jedis(hap.getHost(), hap.getPort());

        List<String> masterAddr = jedis.sentinelGetMasterAddrByName(masterName);

        // connected to sentinel...
        sentinelAvailable = true;

        if (masterAddr == null || masterAddr.size() != 2) {
          log.warning("Can not get master addr, master name: " + masterName + ". Sentinel: " + hap
              + ".");
          continue;
        }

        master = toHostAndPort(masterAddr);
        log.fine("Found Redis master at " + master);
        break;
      } catch (JedisException e) {
        // resolves #1036, it should handle JedisException there's another chance
        // of raising JedisDataException
        log.warning("Cannot get master address from sentinel running @ " + hap + ". Reason: " + e
            + ". Trying next one.");
      } finally {
        if (jedis != null) {
          jedis.close();
        }
      }
    }
    //省略了非关键代码

    for (String sentinel : sentinels) {
      final HostAndPort hap = HostAndPort.parseString(sentinel);
      MasterListener masterListener = new MasterListener(masterName, hap.getHost(), hap.getPort());
      // whether MasterListener threads are alive or not, process can be stopped
      masterListener.setDaemon(true);
      masterListeners.add(masterListener);
      masterListener.start();
    }

    return master;
  }

initSentinels 方法中主要干了两件事:

  1. 遍历哨兵节点,通过get-master-addr-by-name命令获取master节点的地址信息,找到了就退出循环。get-master-addr-by-name命令执行结果如下所示
[root@dev-server-1 master-slave]# redis-cli -p 26379
127.0.0.1:26379> sentinel get-master-addr-by-name mymaster
1) "192.168.40.201"
2) "7001"
127.0.0.1:26379>
  1. 对每一个哨兵节点通过一个 MasterListener 进行监听(Redis的发布订阅功能),订阅哨兵节点+switch-master频道,当发生故障转移时,客户端能收到哨兵的通知,通过重新初始化连接池,完成主节点的切换。
    MasterListener.run方法中监听哨兵部分代码如下
 j.subscribe(new JedisPubSub() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(String channel, String message) {
              log.fine("Sentinel " + host + ":" + port + " published: " + message + ".");

              String[] switchMasterMsg = message.split(" ");

              if (switchMasterMsg.length > 3) {

                if (masterName.equals(switchMasterMsg[0])) {
                  initPool(toHostAndPort(Arrays.asList(switchMasterMsg[3], switchMasterMsg[4])));
                } else {
                  log.fine("Ignoring message on +switch-master for master name "
                      + switchMasterMsg[0] + ", our master name is " + masterName);
                }

              } else {
                log.severe("Invalid message received on Sentinel " + host + ":" + port
                    + " on channel +switch-master: " + message);
              }
            }
          }, "+switch-master");

initPool 方法如下:如果发现新的master节点与当前的master不同,则重新初始化。

private void initPool(HostAndPort master) {
    if (!master.equals(currentHostMaster)) {
      currentHostMaster = master;
      if (factory == null) {
        factory = new JedisFactory(master.getHost(), master.getPort(), connectionTimeout,
            soTimeout, password, database, clientName, false, null, null, null);
        initPool(poolConfig, factory);
      } else {
        factory.setHostAndPort(currentHostMaster);
        // although we clear the pool, we still have to check the
        // returned object
        // in getResource, this call only clears idle instances, not
        // borrowed instances
        internalPool.clear();
      }

      log.info("Created JedisPool to master at " + master);
    }
  }

通过以上两步,Jedis客户端在只知道哨兵地址的情况下便能获得master节点的地址信息,并且当发生故障转移时能自动切换到新的master节点地址。

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis Cluster模式

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis Cluster模式除了配置稍有差异,其它与整合单实例模式也类似,配置示例为

spring:
  redis:
    password: passw0rd
    timeout: 5000
    database: 0
    cluster:
      nodes: 192.168.40.201:7100,192.168.40.201:7200,192.168.40.201:7300,192.168.40.201:7400,192.168.40.201:7500,192.168.40.201:7600
      max-redirects: 3  # 重定向的最大次数
    jedis:
      pool:
        max-active: 8
        max-wait: -1
        max-idle: 8
        min-idle: 0

完整示例可查阅源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-cluster

一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案 中已经介绍了Cluster模式访问的基本原理,可以通过任意节点跳转到目标节点执行命令,上面配置中 max-redirects 控制在集群中跳转的最大次数。

查看JedisClusterConnection的execute方法,

public Object execute(String command, byte[]... args) {

    Assert.notNull(command, "Command must not be null!");
    Assert.notNull(args, "Args must not be null!");

    return clusterCommandExecutor
            .executeCommandOnArbitraryNode((JedisClusterCommandCallback<Object>) client -> JedisClientUtils.execute(command,
                    EMPTY_2D_BYTE_ARRAY, args, () -> client))
            .getValue();
}

集群命令的执行是通过ClusterCommandExecutor.executeCommandOnArbitraryNode来实现的,

public <T> NodeResult<T> executeCommandOnArbitraryNode(ClusterCommandCallback<?, T> cmd) {

    Assert.notNull(cmd, "ClusterCommandCallback must not be null!");
    List<RedisClusterNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>(getClusterTopology().getActiveNodes());
    return executeCommandOnSingleNode(cmd, nodes.get(new Random().nextInt(nodes.size())));
}

private <S, T> NodeResult<T> executeCommandOnSingleNode(ClusterCommandCallback<S, T> cmd, RedisClusterNode node,
        int redirectCount) {

    Assert.notNull(cmd, "ClusterCommandCallback must not be null!");
    Assert.notNull(node, "RedisClusterNode must not be null!");

    if (redirectCount > maxRedirects) {
        throw new TooManyClusterRedirectionsException(String.format(
                "Cannot follow Cluster Redirects over more than %s legs. Please consider increasing the number of redirects to follow. Current value is: %s.",
                redirectCount, maxRedirects));
    }

    RedisClusterNode nodeToUse = lookupNode(node);

    S client = this.resourceProvider.getResourceForSpecificNode(nodeToUse);
    Assert.notNull(client, "Could not acquire resource for node. Is your cluster info up to date?");

    try {
        return new NodeResult<>(node, cmd.doInCluster(client));
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {

        RuntimeException translatedException = convertToDataAccessException(ex);
        if (translatedException instanceof ClusterRedirectException) {
            ClusterRedirectException cre = (ClusterRedirectException) translatedException;
            return executeCommandOnSingleNode(cmd,
                    topologyProvider.getTopology().lookup(cre.getTargetHost(), cre.getTargetPort()), redirectCount + 1);
        } else {
            throw translatedException != null ? translatedException : ex;
        }
    } finally {
        this.resourceProvider.returnResourceForSpecificNode(nodeToUse, client);
    }
}

上述代码逻辑如下

  1. 从集群节点列表中随机选择一个节点
  2. 从该节点获取一个客户端连接(如果配置了连接池,从连接池中获取),执行命令
  3. 如果抛出ClusterRedirectException异常,则跳转到返回的目标节点上执行
  4. 如果跳转次数大于配置的值 max-redirects, 则抛出TooManyClusterRedirectionsException异常

可能遇到的问题

  1. Redis连接超时

检查服务是否正常启动(比如 ps -ef|grep redis查看进程,netstat -ano|grep 6379查看端口是否起来,以及日志文件),如果正常启动,则查看Redis服务器是否开启防火墙,关闭防火墙或配置通行端口。

  1. Cluster模式下,报连接到127.0.0.1被拒绝错误,如 Connection refused: no further information: /127.0.0.1:7600

这是因为在redis.conf中配置 bind 0.0.0.0bind 127.0.0.1导致,需要改为具体在外部可访问的IP,如 bind 192.168.40.201。如果之前已经起了集群,并产生了数据,则修改redis.conf文件后,还需要修改cluster-config-file文件,将127.0.0.1替换为bind 的具体IP,然后重启。

  1. master挂了,slave升级成为master,重启master,不能正常同步新的master数据

如果设置了密码,需要在master, slave的配置文件中都配置masterauth password

相关阅读:

  1. Redis的持久化方案
  2. 一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案

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