200行Python代码实现贪吃蛇

话不多说，最后会给出全部的代码，也可以从这里Fork，正文开始；

目前实现的功能列表：

1. 贪吃蛇的控制，通过上下左右方向键；
2. 触碰到边缘、墙壁、自身则游戏结束；
3. 接触到食物则食物消失，同时根据食物类型身体会变长；
4. 目前长度显示；
5. 暂停、死亡界面；

运行动图

代码片段分析

各个部分绘制的代码

# 游戏背景以及最下方用于显示文字的背景
def draw_background():
    # white background
    screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
    pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(-100,GAME_SIZE[1],3000,200),0)

# 绘制墙壁
def draw_wall():
    for xy in wall_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['darkgray'],(xy[0]-WALL_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-WALL_WIDTH/2,WALL_WIDTH,WALL_HEIGHT),0)

# 绘制蛇，包括头和身体
def draw_snake():
    head = snake_list[0]
    pygame.draw.circle(screen,COLORS['darkred'],(head[0],head[1]),int(SNAKE_WIDTH/2),0)
    for xy in snake_list[1:]:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['darkred'],(xy[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT),2)

# 绘制食物
def draw_food():
    for xyz in food_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,FOOD_COLORS[xyz[2]-1],(xyz[0]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,xyz[1]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,FOOD_WIDTH,FOOD_HEIGHT),0)

# 绘制下方的身体长度记录
def draw_context():
    txt = FONT_M.render('Snake length: '+str(len(snake_list)-1),True,COLORS['lightblue'])
    x,y = 10,GAME_SIZE[1]+(int((SIZE[1]-GAME_SIZE[1])/2))
    y = int(y-FONT_M.size('Count')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

# 绘制暂停界面
def draw_pause():
    s = pygame.Surface(SIZE, pygame.SRCALPHA)
    s.fill((255,255,255,220))
    screen.blit(s, (0,0))
    txt = FONT_M.render('PAUSE',True,COLORS['darkgray'])
    x,y = SIZE[0]/2,SIZE[1]/2
    x,y = int(x-FONT_M.size('PAUSE')[0]/2),int(y-FONT_M.size('PAUSE')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

# 绘制死亡界面
def draw_dead():
    s = pygame.Surface(SIZE, pygame.SRCALPHA)
    s.fill((255,255,255,240))
    screen.blit(s, (0,0))
    txt = FONT_M.render('YOU DEAD',True,COLORS['black'])
    x,y = SIZE[0]/2,SIZE[1]/2
    x,y = int(x-FONT_M.size('YOU DEAD')[0]/2),int(y-FONT_M.size('YOU DEAD')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

死亡与食物的碰撞检查

# 矩形覆盖检查作为碰撞检测，思路是取反，即取所有不会覆盖的情况的反即可
def rect_cover(rect1,rect2):
    left1 = int(rect1[0])
    right1 = int(rect1[0]+rect1[2])
    up1 = int(rect1[1])
    down1 = int(rect1[1]+rect1[3])
    left2 = int(rect2[0])
    right2 = int(rect2[0]+rect2[2])
    up2 = int(rect2[1])
    down2 = int(rect2[1]+rect2[3])

    if not (right2<=left1 or left2>=right1 or down2<=up1 or up2>=down1):
        return True
    return False

# 检查是否碰到食物
def check_food():
    # 头与食物
    first = snake_list[0]
    snake_head_rect = (first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
    for i in range(len(food_list)):
        xyz = food_list[i]
        food_rect = (xyz[0]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,xyz[1]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,FOOD_WIDTH,FOOD_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,food_rect):
            add_body(xyz[2])
            del food_list[i]
            return True
    return False

# 检查是否碰到边缘、墙壁或者自己的身体
def check_dead():
    first = snake_list[0]
    snake_head_rect = (first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
    # 头与边缘
    if first[0] < 0 or first[0] > GAME_SIZE[0] or first[1] < 0 or first[1] > GAME_SIZE[1]:
        return True
    # 头与墙壁
    for xy in wall_list:
        wall_rect = (xy[0]-WALL_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-WALL_WIDTH/2,WALL_WIDTH,WALL_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,wall_rect):
            return True
    # 头与自身
    for xy in snake_list[1:]:
        body_rect = (xy[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,body_rect):
            return True
    return False

更新食物以及增加蛇的身体长度

def add_food():
    while(True):
        xyz = [random.choice(X_LIST),random.choice(Y_LIST),random.choice([1,2,3,4])]
        if xyz not in wall_list:
            food_list.append(xyz)
            break
def add_body(length=1):
    for c in range(length):
        # 尾巴加一节
        last2,last1 = snake_list[-2],snake_list[-1]
        if last2[0]==last1[0]: # 竖着的两段
            if last2[1]>last1[1]: # 朝下
                snake_list.append([last1[0],last1[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH])
            else:
                snake_list.append([last1[0],last1[1]+SNAKE_WIDTH])
        else: # 横着的两段
            if last2[0]>last1[0]: # 朝右
                snake_list.append([last1[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH,last1[1]])
            else:
                snake_list.append([last1[0]+SNAKE_WIDTH,last1[1]])

蛇的自动移动

# 通过按键判断当前蛇的朝向
if event.key == K_LEFT:
    if head in ['up','down']:
        head = 'left'
elif event.key == K_RIGHT:
    if head in ['up','down']:
        head = 'right'
elif event.key == K_UP:
    if head in ['left','right']:
        head = 'up'
elif event.key == K_DOWN:
    if head in ['left','right']:
        head = 'down'

# 通过朝向判断蛇的下一个位置
first = snake_list[0]
snake_list[1:] = snake_list[:-1]
if head == 'up':
    snake_list[0] = [first[0],first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH]
elif head == 'down':
    snake_list[0] = [first[0],first[1]+SNAKE_WIDTH]
elif head == 'left':
    snake_list[0] = [first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH,first[1]]
elif head == 'right':
    snake_list[0] = [first[0]+SNAKE_WIDTH,first[1]]

全部代码

import sys,random

import pygame
from pygame.color import THECOLORS as COLORS
from pygame.locals import *


def draw_background():
    # white background
    screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
    pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(-100,GAME_SIZE[1],3000,200),0)

def draw_wall():
    for xy in wall_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['darkgray'],(xy[0]-WALL_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-WALL_WIDTH/2,WALL_WIDTH,WALL_HEIGHT),0)

def draw_snake():
    head = snake_list[0]
    pygame.draw.circle(screen,COLORS['darkred'],(head[0],head[1]),int(SNAKE_WIDTH/2),0)
    for xy in snake_list[1:]:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['darkred'],(xy[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT),2)

def draw_food():
    for xyz in food_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,FOOD_COLORS[xyz[2]-1],(xyz[0]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,xyz[1]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,FOOD_WIDTH,FOOD_HEIGHT),0)

def draw_context():
    txt = FONT_M.render('Snake length: '+str(len(snake_list)-1),True,COLORS['lightblue'])
    x,y = 10,GAME_SIZE[1]+(int((SIZE[1]-GAME_SIZE[1])/2))
    y = int(y-FONT_M.size('Count')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

def draw_pause():
    s = pygame.Surface(SIZE, pygame.SRCALPHA)
    s.fill((255,255,255,220))
    screen.blit(s, (0,0))
    txt = FONT_M.render('PAUSE',True,COLORS['darkgray'])
    x,y = SIZE[0]/2,SIZE[1]/2
    x,y = int(x-FONT_M.size('PAUSE')[0]/2),int(y-FONT_M.size('PAUSE')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

def draw_dead():
    s = pygame.Surface(SIZE, pygame.SRCALPHA)
    s.fill((255,255,255,240))
    screen.blit(s, (0,0))
    txt = FONT_M.render('YOU DEAD',True,COLORS['black'])
    x,y = SIZE[0]/2,SIZE[1]/2
    x,y = int(x-FONT_M.size('YOU DEAD')[0]/2),int(y-FONT_M.size('YOU DEAD')[1]/2)
    screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

def rect_cover(rect1,rect2):
    left1 = int(rect1[0])
    right1 = int(rect1[0]+rect1[2])
    up1 = int(rect1[1])
    down1 = int(rect1[1]+rect1[3])
    left2 = int(rect2[0])
    right2 = int(rect2[0]+rect2[2])
    up2 = int(rect2[1])
    down2 = int(rect2[1]+rect2[3])

    if not (right2<=left1 or left2>=right1 or down2<=up1 or up2>=down1):
        return True
    return False

def add_food():
    while(True):
        xyz = [random.choice(X_LIST),random.choice(Y_LIST),random.choice([1,2,3,4])]
        if xyz not in wall_list:
            food_list.append(xyz)
            break
def add_body(length=1):
    for c in range(length):
        # 尾巴加一节
        last2,last1 = snake_list[-2],snake_list[-1]
        if last2[0]==last1[0]: # 竖着的两段
            if last2[1]>last1[1]: # 朝下
                snake_list.append([last1[0],last1[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH])
            else:
                snake_list.append([last1[0],last1[1]+SNAKE_WIDTH])
        else: # 横着的两段
            if last2[0]>last1[0]: # 朝右
                snake_list.append([last1[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH,last1[1]])
            else:
                snake_list.append([last1[0]+SNAKE_WIDTH,last1[1]])

def check_food():
    # 头与食物
    first = snake_list[0]
    snake_head_rect = (first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
    for i in range(len(food_list)):
        xyz = food_list[i]
        food_rect = (xyz[0]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,xyz[1]-FOOD_WIDTH/2,FOOD_WIDTH,FOOD_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,food_rect):
            add_body(xyz[2])
            del food_list[i]
            return True
    return False

def check_dead():
    first = snake_list[0]
    snake_head_rect = (first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
    # 头与边缘
    if first[0] < 0 or first[0] > GAME_SIZE[0] or first[1] < 0 or first[1] > GAME_SIZE[1]:
        return True
    # 头与墙壁
    for xy in wall_list:
        wall_rect = (xy[0]-WALL_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-WALL_WIDTH/2,WALL_WIDTH,WALL_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,wall_rect):
            return True
    # 头与自身
    for xy in snake_list[1:]:
        body_rect = (xy[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,xy[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH/2,SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT)
        if rect_cover(snake_head_rect,body_rect):
            return True
    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # init pygame
    pygame.init()
    
    # contant
    GAME_SIZE = [900,900]
    SIZE = [GAME_SIZE[0],GAME_SIZE[1]+100]
    FONT_S = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 50)
    FONT_M = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 90)
    DIRECTION = ['up','right','down','left']
    X_LIST = [x for x in range(GAME_SIZE[0])]
    Y_LIST = [y for y in range(GAME_SIZE[1])]
    FOOD_COLORS = ((46,139,87),(199,21,133),(25,25,112),(255,215,0))

    # wall
    wall_list = [[100,200],[600,500],[350,200],[500,800]]
    WALL_WIDTH,WALL_HEIGHT = 30,30

    # food
    food_list = [(150,200,1),(300,500,1),(740,542,1),(300,600,1),(700,600,1)]
    FOOD_WIDTH,FOOD_HEIGHT = 14,14
    
    # create screen 500*500
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
    
    # variable parameter
    snake_list = [[100+12*4,100],[100+12*3,100],[100+12*2,100],[100+12*1,100],[100,100]]
    SNAKE_WIDTH,SNAKE_HEIGHT = 12,12
    snake_v = 0
    count_time = 0

    # level
    frame = 0.05
    level = 1
    
    # main loop
    running = True
    pause = False
    dead = False
    head = 'right'
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
                break
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                pause = not pause
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == K_LEFT:
                    if head in ['up','down']:
                        head = 'left'
                elif event.key == K_RIGHT:
                    if head in ['up','down']:
                        head = 'right'
                elif event.key == K_UP:
                    if head in ['left','right']:
                        head = 'up'
                elif event.key == K_DOWN:
                    if head in ['left','right']:
                        head = 'down'

        # update data
        if not pause and not dead:
            count_time += frame*level
            first = snake_list[0]
            snake_list[1:] = snake_list[:-1]
            if head == 'up':
                snake_list[0] = [first[0],first[1]-SNAKE_WIDTH]
            elif head == 'down':
                snake_list[0] = [first[0],first[1]+SNAKE_WIDTH]
            elif head == 'left':
                snake_list[0] = [first[0]-SNAKE_WIDTH,first[1]]
            elif head == 'right':
                snake_list[0] = [first[0]+SNAKE_WIDTH,first[1]]

        # background
        draw_background()
        # tunnel
        draw_wall()
        # choose item
        draw_snake()
        # food
        draw_food()
        # point
        draw_context()
        # pause
        if not dead and pause:
            draw_pause()
        # dead
        if dead:
            draw_dead()
        # flip
        pygame.display.flip()

        # pause 20ms
        pygame.time.delay(int(frame/level*1000))

        # check win or not
        dead = check_dead()

        if check_food():
            add_food()
    
    pygame.quit()

再贴一下这个仓库的链接

小游戏集合仓库

最后

大家可以到我的Github上看看有没有其他需要的东西，目前主要是自己做的机器学习项目、Python各种脚本工具、有意思的小项目以及Follow的大佬、Fork的项目等：
https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi