docker+mysql集群+读写分离+mycat管理+垂直分库+负载均衡
依然如此,只要大家跟着我的步骤一步步来,100%是可以测试成功的
centos6.8已不再维护,可能很多人的虚拟机中无法使用yum命令下载docker,
但是阿里源还是可以用的 因为他的centos-vault仓库里放了之前版本的centos的包
只需要在centos命令行界面下执行一下几条命令
sed -i "s|enabled=1|enabled=0|g" /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://www.xmpan.com/Centos-6-Vault-Aliyun.repo yum clean all yum makecache
然后执行如下命令安装docker
yum install https://get.docker.com/rpm/1.7.1/centos-6/RPMS/x86_64/docker-engine-1.7.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
如果提示检查软件失败什么的,可以试试使用命令 yum remove docker 删除docker,再执行安装
安装完成后可以给docker配置一下阿里云的加速器,具体方法自行百度,在此不再过多赘述
docker安装完成后开始准备搭建Mysql,我一直强调开发中应秉承约定>配置>编码,接下来就按部就班先准备环境:
我准备了两台虚拟机130(主),和131(从),首先在两台电脑上分别通过docker安装mysql
因为需要配置读写分离,一定要挂载mysql配置文件目录到主机
docker pull mysql:5.6 //拉取mysql镜像 docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6 docker cp containedID:/etc/mysql/my.cnf $PWD //拷贝一份容器内的配置文件
两台虚拟机执行相同的操作,配置主从Mysql的数据库版本最好一致
首先是主库的my.cnf的配置:
在mysql的配置文件的 [mysqld] 下面修改(从库也是如此):
#开启主从复制,主库的配置(log-bin属性在配置主从时才指定,单机不需要) log-bin= mysql3306-bin #指定主库serverid #server-id 主库和从库都需要指定,不过主库的server-id必须小于从库的server-id(重要) server-id=1 #指定同步的数据库,如果不指定则同步全部数据库(一般不需要指定) #binlog-do-db=mybatis_1128 #(配置文件中输入的这些命令一定要和下面有一行空格,不然MySQL不识别)
执行SQL语句查询状态:
SHOW MASTER STATUS
需要记录下Position值,需要在从库中设置同步起始值。(重要)
然后重启130(主),使配置文件生效
docker restart containerID
配置131(从)的my.cnf:
仅仅需要指定一个server-id=2即可
然后重启131(从),使配置文件生效
通过sqlyog连接两台mysql服务器(注意开放端口,笔者为了测试,直接停掉了防火墙)
接着在130(主)中输入以下命令:
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave01'@'192.168.209.131'IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
意思是添加一个slave可以登入的用户,用户名为slave01,密码为123456,只有通过131(从),才可登入
完成后在131(从)中执行以下命令:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.209.130', MASTER_USER='slave01', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql3306-bin.000011', MASTER_LOG_POS=38301; START SLAVE;//开启主从配置 SHOW SLAVE STATUS //查看主从配置状态信息
38301以及mysql3308-bin.000011对应130(主)中的position和file字段(重要)
如果 show slave status 后,slave_io_running 和slave_sql_running 值都为yes,则配置成功,
直接在130(主)上随便建个数据库,发现131(从)也生成了相同的数据库
到此,Mysql主从配置结束。
很多人配置完成后,就开始在代码中配置双数据源,通过代码来实现数据源的切换以达到读写分离的目的,我一直强调,约定>配置>编码,这种做法显然是不可取的,既然配置了主从,为什么不去选择一种高效明了的管理方式呢?
这就引出了这篇文章的重点:mycat
mycat是
1、一个彻底开源的,面向企业应用开发的大数据库集群
2、支持事务、ACID、可以替代MySQL的加强版数据库
3、一个可以视为MySQL集群的企业级数据库,用来替代昂贵的Oracle集群
4、一个融合内存缓存技术、NoSQL技术、HDFS大数据的新型SQL Server
5、结合传统数据库和新型分布式数据仓库的新一代企业级数据库产品
6、一个新颖的数据库中间件产品
mycat就是为集群而生的,并能通过简单配置达到数据库分片的目的
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下载安装Mycat 执行如下命令:
docker pull longhronshens/mycat-docker mkdir -p /usr/local/mycat cd /usr/local/mycat
进入我们新建的mycat目录,将server.xml rule.xml schema.xml复制到该目录下,三个文件的基本内容如下:schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"> <!-- auto sharding by id (long) --> <table name="travelrecord" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> <!-- global table is auto cloned to all defined data nodes ,so can join with any table whose sharding node is in the same data node --> <table name="company" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" /> <table name="goods" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" /> <!-- random sharding using mod sharind rule --> <table name="hotnews" primaryKey="ID" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="mod-long" /> <!-- <table name="dual" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dnx,dnoracle2" type="global" needAddLimit="false"/> <table name="worker" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="jdbc_dn1,jdbc_dn2,jdbc_dn3" rule="mod-long" /> --> <table name="employee" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" /> <table name="customer" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="sharding-by-intfile"> <childTable name="orders" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id" parentKey="id"> <childTable name="order_items" joinKey="order_id" parentKey="id" /> </childTable> <childTable name="customer_addr" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id" parentKey="id" /> </table> <!-- <table name="oc_call" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1$0-743" rule="latest-month-calldate" /> --> </schema> <!-- <dataNode name="dn1$0-743" dataHost="localhost1" database="db$0-743" /> --> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" /> <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="db2" /> <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" /> <!--<dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="sequoiadb1" database="SAMPLE" /> <dataNode name="jdbc_dn1" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db1" /> <dataNode name="jdbc_dn2" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db2" /> <dataNode name="jdbc_dn3" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db3" /> --> <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <!-- can have multi write hosts --> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.209.130:3306" user="root" password="123456"> <!-- can have multi read hosts --> <readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.209.130:3306" user="root" password="123456" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.209.130:3306" user="root" password="123456" /> <!-- <writeHost host="hostM2" url="localhost:3316" user="root" password="123456"/> --> </dataHost> <!-- <dataHost name="sequoiadb1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="sequoiadb" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat> </heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="sequoiadb://1426587161.dbaas.sequoialab.net:11920/SAMPLE" user="jifeng" password="jifeng"></writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="oracle1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="oracle" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select 1 from dual</heartbeat> <connectionInitSql>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'</connectionInitSql> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:nange" user="base" password="123456" > </writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mongodb" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM" url="mongodb://192.168.0.99/test" user="admin" password="123456" ></writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="sparksql" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="spark" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat> </heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:hive2://feng01:10000" user="jifeng" password="jifeng"></writeHost> </dataHost> --> <!-- <dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306" user="root" password="123456"> </writeHost> </dataHost> --> </mycat:schema>
server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd"> <mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <system> <property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 --> <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 --> <property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property> <!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议--> <!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号--> <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> --> <!-- <property name="processors">1</property> <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> --> <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena--> <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property> <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 --> <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>--> <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>--> <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>--> <!-- <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property> <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> --> <!--分布式事务开关,0为不过滤分布式事务,1为过滤分布式事务(如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表,则不过滤),2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志--> <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property> <!-- off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭 --> <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property> <!-- 单位为m --> <property name="memoryPageSize">1m</property> <!-- 单位为k --> <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property> <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property> <!-- 单位为m --> <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property> <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 --> <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property> </system> <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 --> <!-- <firewall> <whitehost> <host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/> <host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/> </whitehost> <blacklist check="false"> </blacklist> </firewall> --> <user name="root"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property> <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 --> <!-- <privileges check="false"> <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" > <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table> <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table> </schema> </privileges> --> </user> <user name="user"> <property name="password">user</property> <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property> <property name="readOnly">true</property> </user> </mycat:server>
rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd"> <mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <tableRule name="rule1"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>func1</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="rule2"> <rule> <columns>user_id</columns> <algorithm>func1</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> <rule> <columns>sharding_id</columns> <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="mod-long"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>murmur</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="crc32slot"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="sharding-by-month"> <rule> <columns>create_time</columns> <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate"> <rule> <columns>calldate</columns> <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <tableRule name="jch"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <function name="murmur" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash"> <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 --> <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量,必须指定,否则没法分片 --> <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点,默认是160倍,也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 --> <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重,没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写,以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key,以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数,否则以1代替 --> <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况,如果指定了这个属性,会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件,没有默认值,如果不指定,就不会输出任何东西 --> </function> <function name="crc32slot" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot"> <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量,必须指定,否则没法分片 --> </function> <function name="hash-int" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> </function> <function name="rang-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"> <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property> </function> <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> <!-- how many data nodes --> <property name="count">3</property> </function> <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong"> <property name="partitionCount">8</property> <property name="partitionLength">128</property> </function> <function name="latestMonth" class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion"> <property name="splitOneDay">24</property> </function> <function name="partbymonth" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth"> <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property> <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property> </function> <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod"> <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property> </function> <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash"> <property name="totalBuckets">3</property> </function> </mycat:rule>
启动mycat
docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker
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配置mycat mycat正常启动后就可以开始配置mycat关于Mysql的集群配置了 首先是schema.xml中的配置:
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">//一个schema标签就是一个逻辑库,是我们连接mycat所要查询的库,对应于Mysql物理库中的database name:库名称 checkSQLschema:mycat对sql语句的过滤策略 <table name="company" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="crc32slot" type="global" /> //一个table就是一个逻辑表,表名称为company,dataNode为库节点,需要配置分片就写多个,用逗号隔开,没有分片就写一个,rule为分片策略,对应于rule.xml中的策略 </schema>//type="global"为全局策略,亲自测试配置上这个属性后,数据将会重复插入所有的db1,db2,db3中,分片不起作用
<dataNode name=”dn1″ dataHost=”localhost1″ database=”db1″ /> //database对应物理数据库 name对应上边schema节点的dataNode属性
<dataNode name=”dn2″ dataHost=”localhost1″ database=”db2″ />
<dataNode name=”dn3″ dataHost=”localhost1″ database=”db3″ /><dataHost name=”localhost1″ maxCon=”1000″ minCon=”10″ balance=”1″
writeType=”0″ dbType=”mysql” dbDriver=”native” switchType=”1″ slaveThreshold=”100″> //writeType属性负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种:
1. writeType=”0″, 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为准,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=”1″,所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost。
3. writeType=”2″,没实现。1.当balance=0 时,不开启读写分离,所有读操作都发生在当前的writeHost上
当balance=1 ,所有读操作都随机发送到当前的writeHost对应的readHost和备用的writeHost 一般配置读写分离balance值为1即可
当balance=2,所有的读操作都随机发送到所有的writeHost,readHost上
当balance=3 ,所有的读操作都只发送到writeHost的readHost上
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<!– can have multi write hosts –>
<writeHost host=”hostM1″ url=”192.168.209.130:3306″ user=”root”
password=”123456″> //130(主) 写操作
<readHost host=”hostS1″ url=”192.168.209.131:3306″ user=”root” password=”123456″ /> //131(从) 读操作
<!– can have multi read hosts –>
</writeHost>
<!– <writeHost host=”hostM2″ url=”localhost:3316″ user=”root” password=”123456″/> –>
</dataHost>然后是server.xml的配置
<user name="root"> <property name="password">123456</property> //mycat对外提供服务的用户名和密码,使用Mycat后,就直接将mycat当成mysql使用即可 <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property> //逻辑库名称对应schema.xml中的名字 <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 --> <!-- <privileges check="false"> <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" > <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table> <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table> </schema> </privileges> --> </user>
rule.xml
<function name="crc32slot" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot"> <property name="count">3</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量,必须指定,否则没法分片 --> </function>
- 配置130(主),131(从)数据库 在130(主)上新建db1,db2,db3三个数据库(mycat只能新建表,无法新建数据库,表也必须是schema.xml中指定过的table)
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测试mycat 我的mycat与130(主)是同一台虚拟机,在130(主)上重新启动Mycat,使配置文件生效(schema.xml 中 去掉type=”global”属性)
mycat对外提供服务的默认端口号为8066
在mycat中创建表:CREATE TABLE `company` ( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名', `password` VARCHAR(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码,加密存储', `phone` VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号', `email` VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱', `created` DATETIME(0) NOT NULL, `updated` DATETIME(0) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) );
在Mycat中插入数据:
INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('1','张飞'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('2','樊哙'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('3','曹操'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('4','刘备'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('5','庞统'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('6','许诸'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('7','赵云'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('8','关羽'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('9','关羽1'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('10','关羽2'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('11','关羽3'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('12','关羽4'); INSERT INTO company(id,username) VALUES('13','关羽5');
然后查看130(主)数据库数据:
db1:
db2:
mycat中执行查询 select * from company:
数据都能查出来,没有问题
接下来在131(从)db1插入一条数据,这时130(主)中没有该条数据,继续在mycat中执行查询select * from company;
查出来了该test数据,说明读写分离配置成功。