一文吃透如何部署kubernetes高可用集群
使用 k8s 官方提供的部署工具 kubeadm 自动安装，需要在 master 和 node 节点上安装 docker 等组件，然后初始化，把管理端的控制服务和 node 上的服务都以 pod 的方式运行。
kubernetes部署过程： 本次部署的集群是v1.17.4 分为以下几个步骤 1.基础环境准备 2.在master 安装指定版本的 kubeadm 、kubelet、kubectl、docker 3.在所有 node 节点安装指定版本的 kubeadm 、kubelet、docker，在 node 节点 kubectl 为 可选安装，看是否需要在 node 执行 kubectl 命令进行集群管理及 pod 管理等操作。 4.master节点运行kubeadm init初始化命令 5.验证master节点状态 6.在 node 节点使用 kubeadm 命令将自己加入 k8s master(需要使用 master 生成 token 认 证) 7.验证集群状态
#######centos系统必须要关闭firewalld和SELINUX！！！
1.机器准备
k8s-master 10.0.0.50 k8s-node1 10.0.0.51 k8s-node2 10.0.0.52 harbor 10.0.0.111 #这里的harbor主要为了方便上传下载镜像！！！
2.更改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-master hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-node1 hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-node2
3.部署harbor ##部署habror的步骤省略，在上一篇有详细说明
4.关闭swap分区 swapoff -a
5.调整内核参数，否则kubernetes集群无法起来。 root@K8s-node2:~# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
6.所有节点安装docker #在阿里云有详细安装docker。 验证 docker 版本： root@K8s-node1:/# docker --version Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b7f0
7.配置docker的镜像加速。 https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60450.html sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://b4budxxz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF # sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker
8.所有节点安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl #所有节点配置阿里云仓库地址并安装相关组件，node 节点可选安装 kubectl #https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11JXALy6 阿里云kubernetes镜像地址 apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https root@K8s-node2:/# cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list > deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main > EOF # root@K8s-master:~# apt-get update #安装指定版本 kubeadm 查看版本信息 # apt-cache madison kubeadm root@K8s-master:~# apt install kubeadm=1.17.2-00 kubectl=1.17.2-00 kubelet=1.17.2-00 root@K8s-node1:/# apt install kubeadm=1.17.2-00 kubelet=1.17.2-00 root@K8s-master:~# systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet
#验证kubeadm版本
root@K8s-master:/# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:”1″, Minor:”17″, GitVersion:”v1.17.2″, GitCommit:”59603c6e503c87169aea6106f57b9f242f64df89″, GitTreeState:”clean”, BuildDate:”2020-0 1-18T23:27:49Z”, GoVersion:”go1.13.5″, Compiler:”gc”, Platform:”linux/amd64″}
9.准备k8s-master需要的镜像 #查看安装指定K8s版本需要的镜像有哪些 root@K8s-master:/# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 10.下载master需要的镜像 root@K8s-master:~# vim images-download.sh #!bin/bash docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.5 root@K8s-master:~# bash images-download.sh root@K8s-master:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 10 months ago 52.8MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.17.2 cba2a99699bd 12 months ago 116MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.17.2 da5fd66c4068 12 months ago 161MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.17.2 41ef50a5f06a 12 months ago 171MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.17.2 f52d4c527ef2 12 months ago 94.4MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.6.5 70f311871ae1 14 months ago 41.6MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.3-0 303ce5db0e90 14 months ago 288MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 3 years ago 742kB
11.master节点运行集群初始化命令 kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.50 --apiserver-bind-port=6443 -- kubernetes-version=v1.17.2 --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.20.0.0/16 -- service-dns-domain=lengyuye --image-repository=registry.cnhangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --ignore-preflight-errors=swap
12.初始化结果 To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 10.0.0.50:6443 --token 1gm82e.z91u96kh4cxes0o1 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8427c509f211eece6e720623628d8895ccaf63b8482f85daf79002aec988d682
13.创建kube-config配置文件并且上传网络组件。 root@K8s-master:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube root@K8s-master:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config root@K8s-master:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config root@K8s-master:~# kubectl get nodes
root@K8s-master:~# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
14.验证k8s集群状态 root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get cs NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR controller-manager Healthy ok scheduler Healthy ok etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"} 15当前csr证书状态 root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get csr NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-4s2pt 52m system:bootstrap:1gm82e Approved,Issued csr-kkr64 84m system:node:k8s-master Approved,Issued csr-km8fl 51m system:bootstrap:1gm82e Approved,Issued
16.k8s集群添加node节点 kubeadm join 10.0.0.50:6443 --token 1gm82e.z91u96kh4cxes0o1 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8427c509f211eece6e720623628d8895ccaf63b8482f85daf79002aec99bd682 17.验证当前node节点状态 root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready master 86m v1.17.2 k8s-node1 Ready <none> 54m v1.17.2 k8s-node2 Ready <none> 53m v1.17.2
## kubernetes集群部署到这里全部结束！！！希望对你能有所帮助！！
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