Spring IoC - 循环依赖
Spring 复习
3.循环依赖
3.1 定义
循环依赖指多个对象的创建过程中均需要注入对方对象,如下所示
class A{
B b;
public A(){
}
public A(B b){
this.b = b;
}
public void setB(B b){
this.b = b;
}
}
class B{
A a;
public B(){
}
public B(A a){
this.a = a;
}
public void setA(A a){
this.a = a;
}
}
3.2 解决
Spring中将对象创建分为如下两步
- 实例化:创建初始对象
- 初始化:注入属性
并且引入三级缓存,来提前暴露对象引用,从而解决循环依赖的问题
3.3 示例
假设A和B的创建中,field均需要对方的引用,在refresh方法进行到finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)时,会开始创建非懒加载的singleton,这里会先进入preInstantiateSingletons方法,根据beanName调用getBean方法,假设此时A先进行创建,那么会进入下面方法
-
doGetBean
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean-
getSingleton—1
@Override @Nullable public Object getSingleton(String beanName) { return getSingleton(beanName, true); } @Nullable protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) { Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) { ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName); if (singletonFactory != null) { singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); } } } } return singletonObject; }
首先调用上面方法先从singletonObjects中场是获取,发现为null,由于isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation为false(对象未在创建过程中),因此直接返回null
if (mbd.isSingleton()) { sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> { try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution. // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean. destroySingleton(beanName); throw ex; } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); }
其中执行DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(beanName,ObjectFactory)方法简化版如下,传入的ObjectFactory实现类是一个lambda表达式,也即用createBean方法重写ObjectFactory#getObject方法
- getSingleton—2
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { boolean newSingleton = false; try { singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); newSingleton = true; } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { } } catch (BeanCreationException ex) { } finally { } if (newSingleton) { addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject); } } return singletonObject; } }
这里第一行调用singletonFactory.getObject方法会触发createBean,又触发AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean方法中主题步骤如下
-
实例化bean
-
将bean放入三级缓存singletonFactories
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)); if (earlySingletonExposure) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName + "' to allow for resolving potential circular references"); } addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean)); }
其中调用addSingletonFactory方法如下,此处传入的lambda表达式给定的即为ObjectFactory对象,在执行其getObject方法时,即执行
getEarlyBeanReference
方法(这里需要留意!)protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } } }
-
A执行populateBean,开始注入属性b,由于B的对象还未创建,getSingleton—1(b)为null,这时触发B对象创建
-
B进行实例化
-
B放入三级缓存
-
B执行populateBean,开始注入属性a,调用getSingleton—1方法获取a,发现一级缓存singletonObject中没有对应对象,且正在创建中,则从二级缓存earlySingletonObjects中获取,发现仍然为null且allowEarlyReference默认为true,则去三级缓存中去获取,最终从三级缓存中获取,由于放入三级缓存时,lambda表达式为() -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean),所以会调用getEarlyBeanReference方法如下
protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) { Object exposedObject = bean; if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) { for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) { if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) { SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp; exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName); } } } return exposedObject; }
这里在遍历后置处理器的过程中,会调用到AbstractAutoProxyCreator的postProcessAfterInitialization方法,此方法会判断A是否被代理,如果被代理会创建代理对象并返回,之后将原有A对象从三级缓存中删除,并将A的代理对象加入到二级缓存earlySingletonObjects中,之后将A的代理对象注入给B
-
B执行initializeBean方法,调用后置处理器及afterProperties方法,这里提到后置处理器,同样会判断B是否被代理,如果被代理则会创建B的代理对象并返回
-
B创建结束之后,会回到getSingleton—2方法,调用addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);方法,如下
protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } }
这里会将B从三级缓存中删除,并加入到一级缓存中
-
A执行initializeBean方法,进行初始化,初始化完成
-
回到getSingleton–2,执行DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#addSingleton
protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } }
将A从二级缓存中删除,并加入到一级缓存中
-
从上面步骤可以看出,三级缓存分别用于存放下面三类对象
-
一级缓存singletonObjects
完全创建好的对象,如果被代理,则存放代理对象
-
二级缓存earlySingletonObjects
未完全创建好的代理对象
-
三级缓存singletonFactories
只进行了实例化,未进行属性注入和初始化的对象
3.4 AoP的考虑
如上在有循环依赖的情况下,假设A被代理,那么需要将A的代理对象注入给B,这时通过getSingleton方法从三级缓存获取对象的过程中,由于ObjectFactory的getObject方法被重写为AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#getEarlyBeanReference方法,这时会触发后置处理器的执行,会调用AbstractAutoProxyCreator的postProcessAfterInitialization方法,并返回代理对象,之后将代理对象返回用于注入,并放入二级缓存,如果A和除了B的其他对象也构成循环依赖,之后直接从二级缓存中获取A的代理对象即可
在没有循环依赖的情况下,不会使用到二级缓存,如果A被代理,那么A会在完全创建后,在调用后置处理器序列时,会调用AbstractAutoProxyCreator的postProcessAfterInitialization方法,并返回代理对象
从上可以看出,
- Spring的机制是尽量让代理对象靠后创建,也即在没有循环依赖时在对象完全创建后再创建代理对象
- 在延迟创建代理对象的机制下,必须有二级缓存,这样在从三级缓存中获取时,会调用ObjectFactory方法,其又调用getEarlyBeanReference方法完成代理对象创建,之后二级缓存用于存储代理对象,而一级缓存用于存放完全创建完成的对象
- Spring中,如果调用某个代理对象a的方法,其中又调用了代理对象b的方法,而不是对象b的方法
# 参考
Spring循环依赖三级缓存是否可以减少为二级缓存? – SegmentFault 思否