网络编程自学笔记
网络编程
1.1、概述
1、计算机网络
计算机网络是指将==地理位置不同==的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
2、网络编程的目的:无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
3、想要达到这个效果需要什么?
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机
- 找到这个主机,如何传输数据
- javaweb:网页编程 B/S
- 网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址
-
IP 192.168.0.0:8080
-
端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
![](D:\0.0 study\红芯书院\6、网络编程\picture\TCPIP参考模型.png)
小结:
- 网络编程中的两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP TCP
1.3、IP
- ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机locallhost
- ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。0-255
- IPV6 fe80::cd8c:14a:6388:7c1c%12,128位,8个无符号整数!
- 公网(互联网)– 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP:www.vip.com
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0–65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2。TCP:80,UDP:80?Y
- 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口0–1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:19152~65535
- 公有端口0–1023
netstat -ano#查看所用的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #管道符的作用,用来做分割,先把后边的执行完后代入前边进行执行。。。。查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "指定端口的进程"
ctr+shift+esc 打开任务管理器
package com.lessonweb.net;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TsetInetSocketAdress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比人与人之间的普通话
网路通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制……
问题:复杂
解决方式:大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议
- TCP协议
- IP协议:网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP: 打电话
-
需要连接,稳定
-
三次握手、四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了! B:真的要走了吗? B:真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了!
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不算有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 类似于导弹,不需要询问对方
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
1、连接服务器,通过Socket
2、发送消息
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket= null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1、要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2、端口号
int port =9999;
//3、创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3、发送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,网络编程".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
1、建立服务的窗口,通过ServerSocket
2、等待用户的连接,通过accept
3、接收用的消息
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
//1、我有一个地址
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2、等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length;
while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我已经接收完毕了,你可以退出了!".getBytes());
//关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2、创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、读取一个文件
FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(new File("TcpClientDemo01.java"));
//4、写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = files.read())!=1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器。我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕 才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read())!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5、关闭
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
files.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7、UDP
1、聊天实现
发送方:
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方:
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
2、在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
Receive:
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.socket = socket;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);//接收包裹
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
Send:
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort ) {
this.fromPort= fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket=new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
3、简单案例的实现:师生对话交流
Student:
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
Teacher:
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL下载网络资源
URL的组成:协议://IP地址:端口号/项目名/资源名
URLDown.java
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://m701.music.126.net/20210324121008/fa40047aca19fe4a2639d56aa8b652b2/jdymusic/obj/wo3DlMOGwrbDjj7DisKw/5546003493/cfbc/699a/fadc/6b094e5431dfc70cb57527f51db8dd4c.mp3");
//2、连接到这个服务器
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("错位时空.mp3");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuang&passwoed=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}