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Hadoop分布式文件系统(HDFS)被设计成适合运行在通用硬件(commodity hardware)上的分布式文件系统。它和现有的分布式文件系统有很多共同点。但同时,它和其他的分布式文件系统的区别也是很明显的。HDFS是一个高度容错性的系统,适合部署在廉价的机器上。HDFS能提供高吞吐量的数据访问,非常适合大规模数据集上的应用。HDFS放宽了一部分POSIX约束,来实现流式读取文件系统数据的目的。HDFS在最开始是作为Apache Nutch搜索引擎项目的基础架构而开发的。HDFS是Apache Hadoop Core项目的一部分。
HDFS有着高容错性(fault-tolerant)的特点,并且设计用来部署在低廉的(low-cost)硬件上。而且它提供高吞吐量(high throughput)来访问应用程序的数据,适合那些有着超大数据集(large data set)的应用程序。HDFS放宽了(relax)POSIX的要求(requirements)这样可以实现流的形式访问(streaming access)文件系统中的数据。

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