常见开放接口签名简单实现-请求参数排序加密
常见的签名方式实现一般分为以下几个步骤 :
1 . 将所有(或者特殊)请求参数按特定规则排序;
2 . 将请求参数按特定规则拼装为加密字符串;
3 . 加密算法对加密字符串进行加密,得到签名。
下面自己写了一个常见的实现方式,以便记录,这里只是示例说明基本常规实现,使用则还是根据项目的真实情况去选择。
例如,下面我简单实现了一个restful接口,/signTest去验证签名。
1.我这里使用了MD5加密方式,首先在pom.xml加入依赖。
<dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.10</version> </dependency>
2 . 因为会对请求的参数进行处理,主要是为了获取到所有的请求参数,我写了一个自定义的HttpUtils.java :
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.SortedMap; import java.util.TreeMap; /** * Created by EalenXie on 2018/6/13 12:47 */ public enum HttpUtils { getHttpUtil; //获取请求IP public static String getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); return ip; } //将请求参数转换成Map public static Map<String, String> getUrlParams(HttpServletRequest request) { String param = ""; try { param = URLDecoder.decode(request.getQueryString(), "utf-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>(); String[] params = param.split("&"); for (String s : params) { Integer index = s.indexOf("="); result.put(s.substring(0, index), s.substring(index + 1)); } return result; } //从请求中获取所有参数 public static SortedMap<String, String> getAllParams(HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, String> postParams) { SortedMap<String, String> result = new TreeMap<>(); Map<String, String> urlParams = getUrlParams(request); for (Map.Entry entry : urlParams.entrySet()) { result.put((String) entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue()); } if (postParams != null) { for (Map.Entry entry : postParams.entrySet()) { result.put((String) entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue()); } } return result; } }
3 . 签名工具类,实现签名机制 SignUtils.java :
import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import java.util.Map; import java.util.SortedMap; /** * Created by EalenXie on 2018/6/13 9:31 */ public enum SignUtil { getSignUtil; private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SignUtil.class); /** * @param params 所有的请求参数都会在这里进行排序加密 * @return 得到签名 */ public String getSign(SortedMap<String, String> params) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet()) { if (!entry.getKey().equals("sign")) { //拼装参数,排除sign if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entry.getKey()) && !StringUtils.isEmpty(entry.getValue())) sb.append(entry.getKey()).append(entry.getValue()); } } logger.info("Before Sign : {}", sb.toString()); return DigestUtils.md5Hex(sb.toString()).toUpperCase(); } /** * @param params 所有的请求参数都会在这里进行排序加密 * @return 验证签名结果 */ public boolean verifySign(SortedMap<String, String> params) { if (params == null || StringUtils.isEmpty(params.get("sign"))) return false; String sign = getSign(params); logger.info("verify Sign : {}", sign); return !StringUtils.isEmpty(sign) && params.get("sign").equals(sign); } }
4 . SendGoodsController.java 提供Rest接口 /signTest。
package com.wuxicloud.web; import com.wuxicloud.util.HttpUtils; import com.wuxicloud.util.SignUtil; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.validation.constraints.Null; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.SortedMap; /** * Created by EalenXie on 2018/6/13 11:54 */ @RestController @CrossOrigin //加个注解,解决前端调接口跨域,这里只是为了方便测试,真实情况慎用。 public class SendGoodsController { @RequestMapping("/signTest") @ResponseBody public Map<String, String> sendGood(@RequestBody(required = false) Map<String, String> params, HttpServletRequest request) { SortedMap<String, String> allParams = HttpUtils.getAllParams(request, params); boolean isSigned = SignUtil.getSignUtil.verifySign(allParams); Map<String,String> result= new HashMap<>(); if (isSigned) result.put("flag","Signed Success!"); else result.put("flag","Signed Fail"); return result; } }
5 . 启动类,此时服务器端的代码已经准备好了。
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * Created by EalenXie on 2018/6/13 11:52 */ @SpringBootApplication public class GoodsApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(GoodsApplication.class, args); } }
6。此时,假设某前端页面要调用该接口,应该怎么做呢?
1 . 将请求接口的参数按照与服务器相同规则进行排序;
2 . 将请求接口的参数按照与服务器相同规则拼装为加密字符串;
3 . 与服务器相同的加密算法实现加密,得到签名;
针对本例中的签名方式,我下面写了一个基本的实现。
1.因为使用到MD5,到网上去下载了一个md5.min.js(这个js有网上一大把);
2.下个jquery.min.js;
3.自己实现的签名方式 Sign.js :
/** * Created by EalenXie on 2018/6/13 15:11 */ /** * @param url 请求的url,应该包含请求参数(url的?后面的参数) * @param requestParams 请求参数(POST的JSON参数) * @returns {string} 获取签名 */ function getSign(url, requestParams) { var signString = ""; var urlParams = parseQueryString(url); var requestBody = sortObject(mergeObject(urlParams, requestParams)); for (var i in requestBody) { signString += i + requestBody[i]; } return md5.hex(signString).toUpperCase(); } /** * @param url 请求的url * @returns {{}} 将url中请求参数组装成json对象(url的?后面的参数) */ function parseQueryString(url) { var urlReg = /^[^\?]+\?([\w\W]+)$/, paramReg = /([^&=]+)=([\w\W]*?)(&|$|#)/g, urlArray = urlReg.exec(url), result = {}; if (urlArray && urlArray[1]) { var paramString = urlArray[1], paramResult; while ((paramResult = paramReg.exec(paramString)) != null) { result[paramResult[1]] = paramResult[2]; } } return result; } /** * @param object 传入要进行属性排序的对象 * @returns {{}} 将对象进行属性排序(按首字母顺序进行排序) */ function sortObject(object) { var objectKeys = Object.keys(object).sort(); var result = {}; for (var i in objectKeys) { result[objectKeys[i]] = object[objectKeys[i]]; } return result; } /** * @returns {*} 将两个对象合并成一个 */ function mergeObject(objectOne, objectTwo) { if (objectTwo != null) { for (var key in objectTwo) { objectOne[key] = objectTwo[key] } } return objectOne; }
进行测试的test.html :
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script src="jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="md5.min.js"></script> <script src="sign.js"></script> <script> var url = "localhost:8080/signTest?time=2018-06-13 15:43"; var requestParam = {"username": "EalenXie", "password": "admin", "gender": "男", "age": 23}; function test() { var sign = getSign(url, requestParam); //根据Url和请求参数得到签名 var requestUrl = url += "&sign=" + sign; //将签名添加在请求参数后面去请求接口 $.ajax({ type: \'POST\', //GET请求效果相同 headers: { \'Access-Control-Allow-Origin\': "*", "content-type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json" }, async: false, url: requestUrl, data: JSON.stringify(requestParam), dataType: \'json\', success: function (response) { alert(response.flag); } }); } </script> <title>Title</title> </head> <body style="align-content: center"> <button onclick="test()">点击测试</button> </body> </html>
7.此时,启动后端项目。再打开test.html点击进行测试。
8.点击发现,得到服务器返回的验证签名调用成功的响应了。