jcaptcha和kaptcha验证码使用入门【转】
jcaptcha和kaptcha验证码使用入门
一、jcaptcha验证码使用
jcaptcha使用默认样式生成的验证码比较难以识别，所以需要自定义验证码的样式，包括，背景色、背景大小、字体、字体大小、生成的字符数等。相对与kaptcha比较复杂。
1.1、纯代码实现jcaptcha验证码
1、首先创建一个javaWeb工程添加jcaptcha包和它所依赖的包，添加完成后：
2、创建一个jcaptcha单例的Service类，这里是设置验证码样式的关键部分，代码如下：
package cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.custom; import java.awt.Font; import com.octo.captcha.CaptchaFactory; import com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.UniColorBackgroundGenerator; import com.octo.captcha.component.image.color.RandomRangeColorGenerator; import com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator; import com.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.RandomTextPaster; import com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage; import com.octo.captcha.component.word.FileDictionary; import com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.ComposeDictionaryWordGenerator; import com.octo.captcha.engine.GenericCaptchaEngine; import com.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory; import com.octo.captcha.service.image.ImageCaptchaService; import com.octo.captcha.service.multitype.GenericManageableCaptchaService; public class CaptchaServiceSingleton { private static ImageCaptchaService service = null; public static ImageCaptchaService getService(){ if(service == null) service = generatorCaptchaService(); return service; } /** * 根据SpringBean的配置文件编写的代码实现 * */ public static ImageCaptchaService generatorCaptchaService(){ //生成随机颜色，参数分别表示RGBA的取值范围 RandomRangeColorGenerator textColor = new RandomRangeColorGenerator(new int[]{0,255},new int[]{0,180},new int[]{0,210},new int[]{255,255}); //随机文字多少和颜色，参数1和2表示最少生成多少个文字和最多生成多少个 RandomTextPaster randomTextPaster = new RandomTextPaster(4, 5, textColor,true); //生成背景的大小这里是宽85高40的图片，也可以设置背景颜色和随机背景颜色，这里使用默认的白色 UniColorBackgroundGenerator colorbgGen = new UniColorBackgroundGenerator(85,40); //随机生成的字体大小和字体类型，参数1和2表示最小和最大的字体大小，第三个表示随机的字体 RandomFontGenerator randomFontGenerator = new RandomFontGenerator(20, 25, new Font[]{new Font("Arial", 0, 10),new Font("Tahoma",0,10)}); //结合上面的对象构件一个从文本生成图片的对象 ComposedWordToImage cwti = new ComposedWordToImage(randomFontGenerator,colorbgGen,randomTextPaster); //随机文本的字典，这里是使用jcaptcha-1.0-all.jar中的文本字典，字典名称为toddlist.properties ComposeDictionaryWordGenerator cdwg = new ComposeDictionaryWordGenerator(new FileDictionary("toddlist")); GimpyFactory gf = new GimpyFactory(cdwg, cwti); GenericCaptchaEngine gce = new GenericCaptchaEngine(new CaptchaFactory[]{gf}); //返回一个Service对象，这里180是验证码存在的时间，单位是秒，200000是最大存储大小 return new GenericManageableCaptchaService(gce,180,200000,75000); } }
每一句代码都有注释，这里就不多说了。
3、创建一个生成验证码的Servlet，代码如下：
package cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.custom; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder; public class CustomServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 169310818225761427L; @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { byte[] captChallengeAsJpeg = null; ByteArrayOutputStream jpegOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); String captchaId = req.getSession().getId(); BufferedImage challenge = CaptchaServiceSingleton.getService().getImageChallengeForID(captchaId,req.getLocale()); JPEGImageEncoder jpegEncoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(jpegOutputStream); jpegEncoder.encode(challenge); captChallengeAsJpeg = jpegOutputStream.toByteArray(); resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store"); resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); resp.setContentType("image/jpeg"); ServletOutputStream respOutputStream = resp.getOutputStream(); respOutputStream.write(captChallengeAsJpeg); respOutputStream.flush(); respOutputStream.close(); } }
4、在Web.xml中注册这个Servlet，代码如下：
<servlet> <servlet-name>generateValidateCode</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.custom.CustomServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>generateValidateCode</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/cgvc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
5、编写一个使用验证码的页面，代码如下：
<form action="valiServlet" method="post"> <input type="text" name="customgvc"> <img id="vcode" title="点击更换" alt="验证图片" style="vertical-align: middle;" src="cgvc" height="30" width="80"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>
6、编写一个验证Servlet并在web.xml中注册，代码分别如下：
package cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.custom; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class ValidateServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -7173743572400866269L; @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String captchaId = req.getSession().getId(); String validateCode = req.getParameter("customgvc"); boolean validateResult = CaptchaServiceSingleton.getService().validateResponseForID(captchaId, validateCode); if(validateResult) resp.sendRedirect("success.html"); else resp.sendRedirect("fail.html"); } }
<servlet> <servlet-name>validatServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.custom.ValidateServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>validatServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/valiServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
7、运行会看到验证码如下：
8、输入验证码点击提交，看是否可以验证通过，如果一切正常的话Session中的和提交的是一致的。
1.2、使用Spring配置jcaptha验证码
1、创建一个javaWeb工程并加入Spring和jcaptcha的包。添加完成后的包依赖如下：
2、在web.xml中配置Spring代码如下：
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/spring-jcaptcha.xml </param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
3、在WEB-INF中创建spring-jcaptcha.xml的SpringBean配置文件，代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 构建生成图片服务 --> <bean id="imageCaptchaService" class="com.octo.captcha.service.multitype.GenericManageableCaptchaService"> <constructor-arg index="0" ref="imageEngine"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="180"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="200000"/> <constructor-arg index="3" value="75000"/> </bean> <!-- 构建生成图片引擎，可以传入多个ImageCaptchaFactory工厂 --> <bean id="imageEngine" class="com.octo.captcha.engine.GenericCaptchaEngine"> <constructor-arg index="0"> <list> <ref bean="imageCaptchaFactory"/> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 构件图片工厂 ，图片工厂包括FishEyeFactory和GimpyFactory 它们都继承自ImageCaptchaFactory抽象类--> <bean id="imageCaptchaFactory" class="com.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory" > <constructor-arg><ref bean="wordgen"/></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg><ref bean="wordtoimage"/></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 构件验证码上的文本生成类 --> <bean id="wordgen" class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.ComposeDictionaryWordGenerator" > <constructor-arg index="0" ref="filedict"/> </bean> <!-- 构件文件字典类，读取文件字典 。该文件字典包含在jcaptcha-1.0-all.jar 包的toddlist.properties 文件--> <bean id="filedict" class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.FileDictionary" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="toddlist"/> </bean> <!-- 构件一个从文本到图片的生成类 --> <bean id="wordtoimage" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage" > <constructor-arg index="0"><ref bean="fontGenRandom"/></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"><ref bean="backGenUni"/></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"><ref bean="simpleColoredPaster"/></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 构件一个生成随机字体的类 。第一个参数是最小字体大小，第二个参数是最大字体大小，第三个参数是随机的字体列表 这里定义了5种类型的字体 --> <bean id="fontGenRandom" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator" > <constructor-arg index="0"><value>20</value></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"><value>25</value></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <list> <bean class="java.awt.Font"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="Arial"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="0"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="10"/> </bean> <bean class="java.awt.Font" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="Tahoma"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="1"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="10"/> </bean> <bean class="java.awt.Font" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="Verdana"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="0"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="10"/> </bean> <bean class="java.awt.Font" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="Comic sans MS"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="0"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="10"/> </bean> <bean class="java.awt.Font" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="Lucida console"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="0"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="10"/> </bean> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 构件一个背景大小生成类 ，第一个参数是背景宽度，第二个参数是背景高度--> <bean id="backGenUni" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.UniColorBackgroundGenerator" > <constructor-arg index="0"><value>85</value></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"><value>40</value></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 构件一个随机文本个数和颜色，第一个参数是最少文本个数，第二个参数是最多文本个数 --> <bean id="simpleColoredPaster" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.RandomTextPaster" > <constructor-arg index="0" value="4"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="5"/> <constructor-arg type="com.octo.captcha.component.image.color.ColorGenerator" index="2" ref="colorGenRandomDark"/> <constructor-arg index="3" value="true"/> </bean> <!-- 构件一个随机的颜色，参数分别代表RGBA通道的取值范围 --> <bean id="colorGenRandomDark" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.color.RandomRangeColorGenerator" > <constructor-arg index="0"> <list> <value>0</value> <value>255</value> </list> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"> <list> <value>0</value> <value>185</value> </list> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <list> <value>0</value> <value>200</value> </list> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <list> <value>255</value> <value>255</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
各种配置与代码实现是一样的，每个配置中都有注释。
4、 编写一个生成验证码的Servlet，代码如下：
package cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.spring; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils; import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils; import com.octo.captcha.service.CaptchaServiceException; import com.octo.captcha.service.image.ImageCaptchaService; public class JcaptchaServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -8021621053846019170L; public static final String CAPTCHA_IMAGE_FORMAT = "jpeg"; private ImageCaptchaService captchaService; @Override public void init() throws ServletException { WebApplicationContext appCtx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); captchaService = (ImageCaptchaService) BeanFactoryUtils.beanOfTypeIncludingAncestors(appCtx, ImageCaptchaService.class); } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { byte[] captchaChallengeAsJpeg = null; ByteArrayOutputStream jpegOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try { String captchaId = request.getSession().getId(); BufferedImage challenge = captchaService.getImageChallengeForID( captchaId, request.getLocale()); ImageIO.write(challenge, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_FORMAT, jpegOutputStream); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND); return; } catch (CaptchaServiceException e) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); return; } captchaChallengeAsJpeg = jpegOutputStream.toByteArray(); // flush it in the response response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store"); response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); response.setContentType("image/" + CAPTCHA_IMAGE_FORMAT); ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream = response.getOutputStream(); responseOutputStream.write(captchaChallengeAsJpeg); responseOutputStream.flush(); responseOutputStream.close(); } }
5、在web.xml中注册这Servlet，代码如下：
<servlet> <servlet-name>springCaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.v5cn.jcaptchatest.spring.JcaptchaServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springCaptcha</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/scgvc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
6、验证步骤与代码实现一样，请大家自行编写。
二、kaptcha验证码使用
个人感觉kaptcha使用比jcaptcha相对简单。
1、在Servelt中配置kaptcha的Servlet，代码如下：
<!-- kaptcha验证码配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name> <param-value>no</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</param-name> <param-value>black</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</param-name> <param-value>5</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>kaptcha</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/kaptcha.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
kaptcha.border：是否显示边框。
kaptcha.textproducer.font.color：字体颜色
kaptcha.textproducer.char.space：字符间距
更多的属性设置可以在com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants类中找到。其中包括：
kaptcha.border.color：边框颜色
kaptcha.border.thickness：边框宽度
kaptcha.textproducer.char.length：产生字符的长度
kaptcha.textproducer.font.size：产生字符的大小
kaptcha.image.width：产生图片的宽度
kaptcha.image.height：产生图片的高度，等
2、编写一个显示验证码的页面，代码如下：
<form action="kaptcha" method="post"> <input type="text" name="kaptchaValidate"> <img id="vcode" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="点击更换" alt="验证图片" src="kaptcha.jpg" height="40" width="85"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>
3、运行页面显示如下：
4、 编写一个验证的Servelt，代码如下：
package cn.v5cn.kaptcha; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants; public class KaptchaValidateServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -7642000788132875193L; @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String validate = req.getParameter("kaptchaValidate"); String validateCode = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); if(validate==null || validateCode == null){ resp.sendRedirect("fail.html"); }else if(!validateCode.equals(validate)){ resp.sendRedirect("fail.html"); }else{ resp.sendRedirect("success.html"); } } }
三、总结：
到处jcaptcha和kaptcha的验证代码就编写完成了，写的还比较浅显。希望对需要这两个验证码包的朋友有所帮助，也是给自己一个备忘。
全引用自: 此条目由zyw090111发表在Spring分类目录，并贴了jcaptcha、kaptcha、验证码标签。将固定链接加入收藏夹。
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