selenium基础框架的封装(Python版)
一、常用函数的封装
在使用selenium做web自动化测试的过程中,经常会碰到各种各样的问题,比如:
1、页面加载比较慢时,selenium查找元素抛出异常,导致脚本运行中止
2、写完脚本后发现代码逻辑不够清晰,维护困难,降低测试效率
所以很有必要对selenium进行封装使框架更适合公司的需求,下面是基类的封装,主要使用单例模式,可以将业务逻辑代码存放在不同的Python文件中
注:BASE_URL为博客园的登录地址
- 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
- 2 from selenium import webdriver
- 3 import time
- 4
- 5 OVER_TIME = 5
- 6 BASE_URL = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2F"
- 7
- 8
- 9 class Driver(object):
- 10
- 11 def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
- 12 """
- 13 使用单例模式将类设置为运行时只有一个实例,在其他Python类中使用基类时,
- 14 可以创建多个对象,保证所有的对象都是基于一个浏览器
- 15 """
- 16 if not hasattr(cls, \'_instance\'):
- 17 orig = super(Driver, cls)
- 18 cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
- 19 return cls._instance
- 20
- 21 def start(self, url=BASE_URL, driver_name="Chrome"):
- 22 """
- 23 启动浏览器
- 24 :param url: 测试地址
- 25 :param driver_name: 在启动时设置浏览器的类型
- 26 :return:
- 27 """
- 28 if driver_name == "Firefox":
- 29 self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
- 30 elif driver_name == "Ie":
- 31 self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
- 32 else:
- 33 self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
- 34 self.driver.implicitly_wait(OVER_TIME)
- 35 self.driver.get(url)
- 36 self.driver.maximize_window()
- 37
- 38 def get_url(self):
- 39 """返回浏览器的地址"""
- 40 return BASE_URL
- 41
- 42 def find_element(self, by, value):
- 43 """
- 44 这里添加了一个OVER_TIME作为查找元素的超时次数,根据系统的实际情况设置OVER_TIME的大小
- 45 """
- 46 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
- 47 try:
- 48 return self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
- 49 except Exception, e:
- 50 print e
- 51
- 52 def find_elements(self, by, value):
- 53 """与find_element一致"""
- 54 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
- 55 try:
- 56 return self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
- 57 except Exception, e:
- 58 print e
- 59
- 60 def find_display_elements(self, by, value):
- 61 """
- 62 查找状态为displayed的元素集合,当查找一类元素时,
- 63 经常出现有些元素是不可见的情况,此函数屏蔽那些不可见的元素
- 64 """
- 65 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
- 66 try:
- 67 elements = self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
- 68 num = elements.__len__()
- 69 except Exception, e:
- 70 print e
- 71 time.sleep(1)
- 72 if num >= 1:
- 73 break
- 74 display_element = []
- 75 # 将可见的元素放到列表中, 并返回
- 76 for j in range(num):
- 77 element = elements.__getitem__(j)
- 78 if element.is_displayed():
- 79 display_element.append(element)
- 80 return display_element
- 81
- 82 def is_element_present(self, By, Value):
- 83 """判断元素是否存在"""
- 84 try:
- 85 self.driver.find_element(by=By, value=Value)
- 86 return True
- 87 except Exception, e:
- 88 print e
- 89 return False
- 90
- 91 def close(self):
- 92 self.driver.close()
- 93
- 94 def quit(self):
- 95 u"""退出浏览器"""
- 96 self.driver.quit()
- 97
- 98 if __name__ == "__main__":
- 99 page = Driver()
- 100 page.start()
二、使用封装过的框架和pageobject模式设计登录脚本
- 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
- 2 from webdriver import Driver
- 3 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
- 4
- 5
- 6 class Login(object):
- 7
- 8 def __init__(self, user_name="xxx", pwd="xxx"):
- 9 self.page = Driver()
- 10 page = self.page
- 11 page.start(url=page.get_url())
- 12 self.user_name = page.find_element(By.ID, "input1")
- 13 self.pwd = page.find_element(By.ID, "input2")
- 14 self.login_btn = page.find_element(By.ID, "signin")
- 15 self.login(user_name, pwd)
- 16
- 17 def login(self, user_name, pwd):
- 18 self.user_name.clear()
- 19 self.user_name.send_keys(user_name)
- 20 self.pwd.clear()
- 21 self.pwd.send_keys(pwd)
- 22 self.login_btn.click()
- 23
- 24
- 25 if __name__ == "__main__":
- 26 Login("xxx", "xxx")
三、打开博客园新闻、博问等子页面脚本设计
- 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
- 2 from webdriver import Driver
- 3 from login import Login
- 4 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
- 5
- 6
- 7 class SubPage(object):
- 8
- 9 def __init__(self):
- 10 self.page = Driver()
- 11 page = self.page
- 12 self.home_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"园子")
- 13 self.news_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"新闻")
- 14 self.q_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"博问")
- 15 self.ing_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"闪存")
- 16
- 17 def open_home_page(self):
- 18 self.home_page.click()
- 19
- 20 def open_news_page(self):
- 21 self.news_page.click()
- 22
- 23 def open_q_page(self):
- 24 self.q_page.click()
- 25
- 26 def open_ing_page(self):
- 27 self.ing_page.click()
- 28
- 29
- 30 if __name__ == \'__main__\':
- 31 Login("xxx", "xxx")
- 32 sub = SubPage()
- 33 sub.open_q_page()
四、其他
按照此模式博友可根据公司具体的业务来实现自动化测试脚本,本文抛砖引玉,如有其他更好的想法可以一起探讨
Thanks!