Android RelativeLayout和LinearLayout性能分析
RelativeLayout和LinearLayout是Android中常用的布局,两者的使用会极大的影响程序生成每一帧的性能,因此,正确的使用它们是提升程序性能的重要工作。下面将通过分析它们的源码来探讨其View绘制性能,并得出其正确的使用方法。
RelativeLayout和LinearLayout是如何进行measure的?
1 @Override 2 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 3 ...... 4 View[] views = mSortedHorizontalChildren; 5 int count = views.length; 6 7 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 8 View child = views[i]; 9 if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) { 10 LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 11 int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection); 12 13 applyHorizontalSizeRules(params, myWidth, rules); 14 measureChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, myHeight); 15 16 if (positionChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, isWrapContentWidth)) { 17 offsetHorizontalAxis = true; 18 } 19 } 20 } 21 22 views = mSortedVerticalChildren; 23 count = views.length; 24 final int targetSdkVersion = getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion; 25 26 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 27 View child = views[i]; 28 if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) { 29 LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 30 31 applyVerticalSizeRules(params, myHeight); 32 measureChild(child, params, myWidth, myHeight); 33 if (positionChildVertical(child, params, myHeight, isWrapContentHeight)) { 34 offsetVerticalAxis = true; 35 } 36 37 if (isWrapContentWidth) { 38 if (isLayoutRtl()) { 39 if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { 40 width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft); 41 } else { 42 width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft - params.leftMargin); 43 } 44 } else { 45 if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { 46 width = Math.max(width, params.mRight); 47 } else { 48 width = Math.max(width, params.mRight + params.rightMargin); 49 } 50 } 51 } 52 53 if (isWrapContentHeight) { 54 if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { 55 height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom); 56 } else { 57 height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin); 58 } 59 } 60 61 if (child != ignore || verticalGravity) { 62 left = Math.min(left, params.mLeft - params.leftMargin); 63 top = Math.min(top, params.mTop - params.topMargin); 64 } 65 66 if (child != ignore || horizontalGravity) { 67 right = Math.max(right, params.mRight + params.rightMargin); 68 bottom = Math.max(bottom, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin); 69 } 70 } 71 } 72 ...... 73 }
根据上述关键代码,RelativeLayout分别对所有子View进行两次measure,横向纵向分别进行一次。
而LinearLayout:
1 @Override 2 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 3 if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) { 4 measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 5 } else { 6 measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 7 } 8 }
根据线性布局方向,执行不同的方法,这里分析measureVertical方法。
1 void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 2 ...... 3 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) { 4 ...... 5 6 LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 7 8 totalWeight += lp.weight; 9 10 if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) { 11 // Optimization: don\'t bother measuring children who are going to use 12 // leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if 13 // there is any leftover space. 14 final int totalLength = mTotalLength; 15 mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin); 16 skippedMeasure = true; 17 } else { 18 int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE; 19 20 if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) { 21 // heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this 22 // child wanted to stretch to fill available space. 23 // Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up 24 // with a height of 0 25 oldHeight = 0; 26 lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; 27 } 28 29 // Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or 30 // previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to 31 // use all available space (and we will shrink things later 32 // if needed). 33 measureChildBeforeLayout( 34 child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 35 totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0); 36 37 if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) { 38 lp.height = oldHeight; 39 } 40 41 final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight(); 42 final int totalLength = mTotalLength; 43 mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin + 44 lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child)); 45 46 if (useLargestChild) { 47 largestChildHeight = Math.max(childHeight, largestChildHeight); 48 } 49 } 50 ......
LinearLayout首先会对所有的子View进行measure,并计算totalWeight(所有子View的weight属性之和),然后判断子View的weight属性是否为最大,如为最大则将剩余的空间分配给它。如果不使用weight属性进行布局,则不进行第二次measure。
1 // Either expand children with weight to take up available space or 2 // shrink them if they extend beyond our current bounds. If we skipped 3 // measurement on any children, we need to measure them now. 4 int delta = heightSize - mTotalLength; 5 if (skippedMeasure || delta != 0 && totalWeight > 0.0f) { 6 float weightSum = mWeightSum > 0.0f ? mWeightSum : totalWeight; 7 8 mTotalLength = 0; 9 10 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) { 11 final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); 12 13 if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) { 14 continue; 15 } 16 17 LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 18 19 float childExtra = lp.weight; 20 if (childExtra > 0) { 21 // Child said it could absorb extra space -- give him his share 22 int share = (int) (childExtra * delta / weightSum); 23 weightSum -= childExtra; 24 delta -= share; 25 26 final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec, 27 mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + 28 lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin, lp.width); 29 30 // TODO: Use a field like lp.isMeasured to figure out if this 31 // child has been previously measured 32 if ((lp.height != 0) || (heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)) { 33 // child was measured once already above... 34 // base new measurement on stored values 35 int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + share; 36 if (childHeight < 0) { 37 childHeight = 0; 38 } 39 40 child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, 41 MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)); 42 } else { 43 // child was skipped in the loop above. 44 // Measure for this first time here 45 child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, 46 MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(share > 0 ? share : 0, 47 MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)); 48 } 49 50 // Child may now not fit in vertical dimension. 51 childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState() 52 & (MEASURED_STATE_MASK>>MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT)); 53 } 54 55 ...... 56 } 57 ...... 58 } else { 59 alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth, 60 weightedMaxWidth); 61 62 63 // We have no limit, so make all weighted views as tall as the largest child. 64 // Children will have already been measured once. 65 if (useLargestChild && heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) { 66 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 67 final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); 68 69 if (child == null || child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) { 70 continue; 71 } 72 73 final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = 74 (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 75 76 float childExtra = lp.weight; 77 if (childExtra > 0) { 78 child.measure( 79 MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(child.getMeasuredWidth(), 80 MeasureSpec.EXACTLY), 81 MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(largestChildHeight, 82 MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)); 83 } 84 } 85 } 86 } 87 ...... 88 }