python+requests+json 接口测试思路示例
实际项目中用python脚本实现接口测试的步骤：
1 发送请求，获取响应 》》2 提取响应里的数据，对数据进行必要的处理 》》3 断言响应数据是否与预期一致
以豆瓣接口为例，做一个简单的接口测试吧。使用到的知识涉及requests库，json库。
1 发送请求，获取响应
#coding:utf-8 \'\'\' dinghanhua 2018-11-10 接口返回数据为json类型，提取数据实例 \'\'\' import requests import json q = \'python\' count = 3 url = \'https://api.douban.com/v2/book/search?q={0}&count={1}\'.format(q,count) response = requests.get(url) #请求并获取响应
2 json解析响应数据
jsonstr = json.loads(response.text) #json解析响应文本
#或者jsonstr = response.json() \'\'\'解析后的数据格式\'\'\' print(\'响应解析后的类型：\',type(jsonstr)) #dict print(\'响应解析后的键值对个数：\',len(jsonstr)) #字典键值对个数 for key in jsonstr: #打印出所有的keys print(key ,end=\' \')
3 提取数据及数据处理
\'\'\'取json串里的值\'\'\' books = jsonstr[\'books\'] #取books对应的值 # print(type(books)) #list 数组 print(\'books共有%d本书\'%len(books)) #数组元素个数 for book in books: #编辑books取每本书的信息 # print(type(book)) # book的类型 # for key in book: # book的keys # print(key) \'\'\'取出所需的字段\'\'\' index = books.index(book) #索引 NO = str(index+1) #第几本书 average= book[\'rating\'][\'average\'] author = book[\'author\'] #author是数组,可能有多个作者 authors = \',\'.join(author) pubdate = book[\'pubdate\'] title = book[\'title\'] author_intro = book[\'author_intro\'] summary = book[\'summary\'] price = book[\'price\'] \'\'\'格式化输出\'\'\' print(\'NO.{NO}\n书名：{title}\n出版日期：{pubdate}\n平均分：{average}\n定价：{price}\n\' \'作者：{author}\n{author_intro}\n内容简介：{summary}\'.format(title = title, NO = NO, pubdate = pubdate, author = authors, author_intro = author_intro, average = average, price = price, summary = summary))
4 断言
\'\'\'断言\'\'\' expectedtitle = [\'Python编程：从入门到实践\',\'利用Python进行数据分析\',\'Python基础教程\'] #预期结果（接口数据会变，根据实际情况添加预期结果） if title == expectedtitle[index]: print(\'test pass\') else: print(\'test fail. The expected title is %s,but the actual title is: %s.\'%(expectedtitle[index],title))
好了，简单的接口测试脚本完成。完整代码：
#coding:utf-8 \'\'\' dinghanhua 2018-11-10 接口返回数据为json类型，提取数据实例 \'\'\' import requests import json q = \'python\' count = 3 url = \'https://api.douban.com/v2/book/search?q={0}&count={1}\'.format(q,count) response = requests.get(url) #请求并获取响应 jsonstr = json.loads(response.text) #json解析响应文本
#jsonstr = response.json()
\'\'\'解析后的数据格式\'\'\' print(\'响应解析后的类型：\',type(jsonstr)) #dict print(\'响应解析后的键值对个数：\',len(jsonstr)) #字典键值对个数 for key in jsonstr: #打印出所有的keys print(key ,end=\' \') \'\'\'取json串里的值\'\'\' books = jsonstr[\'books\'] #取books对应的值 # print(type(books)) #list 数组 print(\'books共有%d本书\'%len(books)) #数组元素个数 for book in books: #编辑books取每本书的信息 # print(type(book)) # book的类型 # for key in book: # book的keys # print(key) \'\'\'取出所需的字段\'\'\' index = books.index(book) #索引 NO = str(index+1) #第几本书 average= book[\'rating\'][\'average\'] author = book[\'author\'] #author是数组,可能有多个作者 authors = \',\'.join(author) pubdate = book[\'pubdate\'] title = book[\'title\'] author_intro = book[\'author_intro\'] summary = book[\'summary\'] price = book[\'price\'] \'\'\'格式化输出\'\'\' print(\'NO.{NO}\n书名：{title}\n出版日期：{pubdate}\n平均分：{average}\n定价：{price}\n\' \'作者：{author}\n{author_intro}\n内容简介：{summary}\'.format(title = title, NO = NO, pubdate = pubdate, author = authors, author_intro = author_intro, average = average, price = price, summary = summary)) \'\'\'断言\'\'\' expectedtitle = [\'Python编程：从入门到实践\',\'利用Python进行数据分析\',\'Python基础教程\'] #预期结果 if title == expectedtitle[index]: print(\'test pass\') else: print(\'test fail. The expected title is %s,but the actual title is: %s.\'%(expectedtitle[index],title))
the end！
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