HTTPS请求 SSL证书验证
import urllib2
url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}
request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()
运行结果：
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)>
所以，如果以后遇到这种网站，我们需要单独处理SSL证书，让程序忽略SSL证书验证错误，即可正常访问。
import urllib
import urllib2
# 1. 导入Python SSL处理模块
import ssl
# 2. 表示忽略未经核实的SSL证书认证
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}
request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)
# 3. 在urlopen()方法里 指明添加 context 参数
response = urllib2.urlopen(request, context = context)
print response.read()
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