一、概念

  通过改变 URL,在不重新请求页面的情况下,更新页面视图。

 

二、实现方式

  更新视图但不重新请求页面,是前端路由原理的核心之一,目前在浏览器环境中这一功能的实现主要有2种方式:

    1.Hash — 利用 URL 中的hash(“#”);

    2.利用 History interface 在HTML5中新增的方法。

 

  Vue 中,它是通过 mode 这一参数控制路由的实现模式:

 

const router=new VueRouter({
    mode:\'history\',
    routes:[...]
})

 

  创建 VueRouter 的实例对象时,mode 以构造参数的形式传入,如下代码:

  

src/index.js

export default class VueRouter{
  mode: string; // 传入的字符串参数,指示history类别
  history: HashHistory | HTML5History | AbstractHistory; // 实际起作用的对象属性,必须是以上三个类的枚举
  fallback: boolean; // 如浏览器不支持,\’history\’模式需回滚为\’hash\’模式
 
  constructor (options: RouterOptions = {}) {
    
    let mode = options.mode || \’hash\’ // 默认为\’hash\’模式
    this.fallback = mode === \’history\’ && !supportsPushState // 通过supportsPushState判断浏览器是否支持\’history\’模式
    if (this.fallback) {
      mode = \’hash\’
    }
    if (!inBrowser) {
      mode = \’abstract\’ // 不在浏览器环境下运行需强制为\’abstract\’模式
    }
    this.mode = mode

    // 根据mode确定history实际的类并实例化
    switch (mode) {
      case \’history\’:
        this.history = new HTML5History(this, options.base)
        break
      case \’hash\’:
        this.history = new HashHistory(this, options.base, this.fallback)
        break
      case \’abstract\’:
        this.history = new AbstractHistory(this, options.base)
        break
      default:
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== \’production\’) {
          assert(false, `invalid mode: ${mode}`)
        }
    }
  }

  init (app: any /* Vue component instance */) {
    
    const history = this.history

    // 根据history的类别执行相应的初始化操作和监听
    if (history instanceof HTML5History) {
      history.transitionTo(history.getCurrentLocation())
    } else if (history instanceof HashHistory) {
      const setupHashListener = () => {
        history.setupListeners()
      }
      history.transitionTo(
        history.getCurrentLocation(),
        setupHashListener,
        setupHashListener
      )
    }

    history.listen(route => {
      this.apps.forEach((app) => {
        app._route = route
      })
    })
  }

  // VueRouter类暴露的以下方法实际是调用具体history对象的方法
  push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.push(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }

  replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.replace(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }
}

复制代码
src/index.js

export default class VueRouter{
  mode: string; // 传入的字符串参数,指示history类别
  history: HashHistory | HTML5History | AbstractHistory; // 实际起作用的对象属性,必须是以上三个类的枚举
  fallback: boolean; // 如浏览器不支持,\'history\'模式需回滚为\'hash\'模式
  
  constructor (options: RouterOptions = {}) {
    
    let mode = options.mode || \'hash\' // 默认为\'hash\'模式
    this.fallback = mode === \'history\' && !supportsPushState // 通过supportsPushState判断浏览器是否支持\'history\'模式
    if (this.fallback) {
      mode = \'hash\'
    }
    if (!inBrowser) {
      mode = \'abstract\' // 不在浏览器环境下运行需强制为\'abstract\'模式
    }
    this.mode = mode

    // 根据mode确定history实际的类并实例化
    switch (mode) {
      case \'history\':
        this.history = new HTML5History(this, options.base)
        break
      case \'hash\':
        this.history = new HashHistory(this, options.base, this.fallback)
        break
      case \'abstract\':
        this.history = new AbstractHistory(this, options.base)
        break
      default:
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== \'production\') {
          assert(false, `invalid mode: ${mode}`)
        }
    }
  }

  init (app: any /* Vue component instance */) {
    
    const history = this.history

    // 根据history的类别执行相应的初始化操作和监听
    if (history instanceof HTML5History) {
      history.transitionTo(history.getCurrentLocation())
    } else if (history instanceof HashHistory) {
      const setupHashListener = () => {
        history.setupListeners()
      }
      history.transitionTo(
        history.getCurrentLocation(),
        setupHashListener,
        setupHashListener
      )
    }

    history.listen(route => {
      this.apps.forEach((app) => {
        app._route = route
      })
    })
  }

  // VueRouter类暴露的以下方法实际是调用具体history对象的方法
  push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.push(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }

  replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.replace(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }
}
复制代码

 

  

  mode 参数:

    1.默认 hash

    2. history。如果浏览器不支持 history 新特性,则采用 hash

    3. 如果不在浏览器环境下,就采用 abstract(Node环境下)

    

 

  mode 区别:

    1. mode:”hash”  多了 “#”

http://localhost:8080/#/login

    

    2.mode:”history” 

http://localhost:8080/recommend

  

  HashHistory:

    hash(“#”) 的作用是加载 URL 中指示网页中的位置。

    # 本身以及它后面的字符称职位 hash,可通过 window.location.hash 获取

    特点:

      1. hash 虽然出现在 url 中,但不会被包括在 http 请求中,它是用来指导浏览器动作的,对服务器端完全无用,因此,改变 hash 不会重新加载页面。

      2. 可以为 hash 的改变添加监听事件:

      window.addEventListener("hashchange",funcRef,false)

      3. 每一次改变 hash(window.localtion.hash),都会在浏览器访问历史中增加一个记录。

    利用 hash 的以上特点,就可以来实现前端路由”更新视图但不重新请求页面”的功能了。

 

    HashHistory 拥有两个方法,一个是 push, 一个是 replace

1
两个方法:HashHistory.push() 和 HashHistory.replace()

  

    HashHistory.push()  将新路由添加到浏览器访问历史的栈顶

  

push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    pushHash(route.fullPath)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

function pushHash (path) {
  window.location.hash = path
}

HashHisttory.push()

复制代码
push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    pushHash(route.fullPath)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

function pushHash (path) {
  window.location.hash = path
}
复制代码

 

    

    从设置路由改变到视图更新的流程:  

  
  $router.push() --> HashHistory.push() --> History.transitionTo() --> History.updateRoute() --> {app._route = route} --> vm.render()  

  

    解析:

 
1 $router.push() //调用方法

2 HashHistory.push() //根据hash模式调用,设置hash并添加到浏览器历史记录(添加到栈顶)(window.location.hash= XXX)

3 History.transitionTo() //监测更新,更新则调用History.updateRoute()

4 History.updateRoute() //更新路由

5 {app._route= route} //替换当前app路由

6 vm.render() //更新视图
 

 

    transitionTo() 方法是父类中定义的是用来处理路由变化中的基础逻辑的,push() 方法最主要的是对 window 的 hash 进行了直接赋值:

  

window.location.hash=route.fullPath

 

    hash 的改变会自动添加到浏览器的访问历史记录中。
    那么视图的更新是怎么实现的呢,我们来看看父类 History 中的 transitionTo() 方法:

    

 
transitionTo (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const route = this.router.match(location, this.current)
  this.confirmTransition(route, () => {
    this.updateRoute(route)
    ...
  })
}

updateRoute (route: Route) {
  
  this.cb && this.cb(route)
  
}

listen (cb: Function) {
  this.cb = cb
}
 

 

    可以看到,当路由变化时,调用了Hitory中的this.cb方法,而this.cb方法是通过History.listen(cb)进行设置的,回到VueRouter类定义中,找到了在init()中对其进行了设置:

    

 
init (app: any /* Vue component instance */) {
    
  this.apps.push(app)

  history.listen(route => {
    this.apps.forEach((app) => {
      app._route = route
    })
  })
}
 

 

 

    HashHistory.replace()

      replace()方法与push()方法不同之处在于,它并不是将新路由添加到浏览器访问历史的栈顶,而是替换掉当前的路由

 

replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    replaceHash(route.fullPath)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}
 
function replaceHash (path) {
  const i = window.location.href.indexOf(\’#\’)
  window.location.replace(
    window.location.href.slice(0, i >= 0 ? i : 0) + \’#\’ + path
  )
}

HashHisttory.replace()

复制代码
replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    replaceHash(route.fullPath)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}
  
function replaceHash (path) {
  const i = window.location.href.indexOf(\'#\')
  window.location.replace(
    window.location.href.slice(0, i >= 0 ? i : 0) + \'#\' + path
  )
}
复制代码

  

  HTML5History

    History interface 是浏览器历史记录栈提供的接口,通过back()、forward()、go()等方法,我们可以读取浏览器历史记录栈的信息,进行各种跳转操作。

    从 HTML5开始,History interface 提供了2个新的方法:pushState()、replaceState() 使得我们可以对浏览器历史记录栈进行修改:

  window.history.pushState(stateObject,title,url)
  window.history,replaceState(stateObject,title,url)

    

    stateObject:当浏览器跳转到新的状态时,将触发 Popstate 事件,该事件将携带这个 stateObject 参数的副本

    title:所添加记录的标题

    url:所添加记录的 url

    

    这2个方法有个共同的特点:当调用他们修改浏览器历史栈后,虽然当前url改变了,但浏览器不会立即发送请求该url,这就为单页应用前端路由,更新视图但不重新请求页面提供了基础

    

    1.push

      与hash模式类似,只是将window.hash改为history.pushState

    2.replace

      与hash模式类似,只是将window.replace改为history.replaceState

    3.监听地址变化

      在HTML5History的构造函数中监听popState(window.onpopstate)

    

push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const { current: fromRoute } = this
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    pushState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath))
    handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const { current: fromRoute } = this
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    replaceState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath))
    handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

// src/util/push-state.js
export function pushState (url?: string, replace?: boolean) {
  saveScrollPosition()
  // try…catch the pushState call to get around Safari
  // DOM Exception 18 where it limits to 100 pushState calls
  const history = window.history
  try {
    if (replace) {
      history.replaceState({ key: _key }, \’\’, url)
    } else {
      _key = genKey()
      history.pushState({ key: _key }, \’\’, url)
    }
  } catch (e) {
    window.location[replace ? \’replace\’ : \’assign\’](url)
  }
}

export function replaceState (url?: string) {
  pushState(url, true)
}

复制代码
push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const { current: fromRoute } = this
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    pushState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath))
    handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const { current: fromRoute } = this
  this.transitionTo(location, route => {
    replaceState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath))
    handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false)
    onComplete && onComplete(route)
  }, onAbort)
}

// src/util/push-state.js
export function pushState (url?: string, replace?: boolean) {
  saveScrollPosition()
  // try...catch the pushState call to get around Safari
  // DOM Exception 18 where it limits to 100 pushState calls
  const history = window.history
  try {
    if (replace) {
      history.replaceState({ key: _key }, \'\', url)
    } else {
      _key = genKey()
      history.pushState({ key: _key }, \'\', url)
    }
  } catch (e) {
    window.location[replace ? \'replace\' : \'assign\'](url)
  }
}

export function replaceState (url?: string) {
  pushState(url, true)
}
复制代码

  两种模式比较

  1. pushState设置的新URL可以是与当前URL同源的任意URL;而hash只可修改#后面的部分,故只可设置与当前同文档的URL

  2. pushState通过stateObject可以添加任意类型的数据到记录中;而hash只可添加短字符串

  3. pushState可额外设置title属性供后续使用

  4. history模式则会将URL修改得就和正常请求后端的URL一样,如后端没有配置对应/user/id的路由处理,则会返回404错误

随笔整理自 
  https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014822765
  https://www.jianshu.com/p/4295aec31302
感谢博主分享

版权声明:本文为TigerZhang-home原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/TigerZhang-home/p/13271792.html