paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块，使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作，值得一说的是，fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。

1、安装
The recommended way to get Paramiko is to install the latest stable release via pip:
$ pip install paramiko

由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto，所以先下载安装pycrypto

在python2中
pip install pycrypto
pip install paramiko

注：如果在安装pycrypto2.0.1时发生如下错误
command \’gcc\’ failed with exit status 1…
可能是缺少python-dev安装包导致，如果gcc没有安装，请事先安装gcc

2、使用
SSHClient用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

2.1、基于用户名密码连接：
import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许将信任的主机自动加入到host_allow 列表，此方法必须放在connect方法的前面
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 调用connect方法连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname=\’10.10.10.10\’, port=22, username=\’admin\’, password=\’123\’)

# 结果放到stdout中，如果有错误将放到stderr中
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\’ls\’)

# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
result = stdout.readlines()

# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

2.2、基于用户名和密码的transport方式登录
方法1是传统的连接服务器、执行命令、关闭的一个操作，有时候需要登录上服务器执行多个操作，比如执行命令、上传/下载文件，方法1则无法实现，可以通过如下方式来操作

# 实例化一个transport对象
trans = paramiko.Transport((\’192.168.1.1\’, 22))
# 建立连接
trans.connect(username=\’super\’, password=\’super\’)

# 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的trans
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = trans

# 执行命令，和传统方法一样
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\’df -hl\’)
print(stdout.read().decode())

# 关闭连接
trans.close()

例子1：

  1. import paramiko
  3. cmd_submit= \'ifconfig\'
  4. ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  5. ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
  6. ssh.connect(\'192.168.76.134\', 22, \'test\', \'test\')
  7. #或者 ssh.connect(hostname=\'192.168.76.134\', port=22, username=\'test\', password=\'test\')
  8. stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command(cmd_submit)
  9. print(stdout.read().decode())
  11. ssh.close()

2.3、基于公钥密钥连接：

客户端文件名：id_rsa
服务端必须有文件名：authorized_keys(在用ssh-keygen时，必须制作一个authorized_keys,可以用ssh-copy-id来制作)

  1. root@client test]# ssh-keygen -t rsa  或直接ssh-keygen
  2. Generating public/private rsa key pair.
  3. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
  4. Created directory \'/root/.ssh\'.
  5. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
  6. Enter same passphrase again: 
  7. Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
  8. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
  9. The key fingerprint is:
  10. 0f:9b:29:ba:9e:e9:70:fc:0f:c7:99:19:46:47:96:a9 root@suqid.localdomain
  11. The key\'s randomart image is:
  12. +--[ RSA 2048]----+
  13. |          oo     |
  14. |         oo      |
  15. |        ...      |
  16. |       .E.       |
  17. |        S        |
  18. |   .   o @       |
  19. |  . o o X .      |
  20. |   o = +         |
  21. |   oB....        |
  22. +-----------------+

#将本地公钥发送给目标主机
[root@client test]# ssh-copy-id test@192.168.76.135
输入密码test

import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\’/tmp/id_rsa\’)

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname=\’120.92.84.249\’, port=22, username=\’root\’, pkey=private_key)

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\’df\’)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode(\’utf-8\’))
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

以上需要确保被访问的服务器对应用户.ssh目录下有authorized_keys文件，也就是将服务器上生成的公钥文件保存为authorized_keys。并将私钥文件作为paramiko的登陆密钥

例子2：

  1. import paramiko
  3. private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/tmp/id_rsa\')
  5. transport = paramiko.Transport((\'120.92.84.249\', 22))
  6. transport.connect(username=\'root\', pkey=private_key)
  8. ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  9. ssh._transport = transport
  11. stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\')
  12. result=stdout.read()
  13. print(result.decode(\'utf-8\'))
  15. transport.close()
  1. import paramiko
  2. from io import StringIO
  4. key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  5. MIIEoQIBAAKCAQEAsJmFLrSeCumJvga0Gl5O5wVOVwMIy2MpqIyQPi5J87dg89a4
  6. Da9fczJog7qoSbRwHFOQoCHNphSlp5KPhGsF6RJewkIw9H1UKV4dCOyl/4HOAkAD
  7. rKrsEDmrJ9JlzF2GTTZSnTgVQWcvBS2RKB4eM2R9aJ11xV6X2Hk4YDLTExIWeabb
  8. h2TUKw0iyjI8pRuYLKkF2X16u9TBwfOTroGYgiNFHQvhsQppbEbI49NF2XkCkFMi
  9. 8/7tLjf95InE/VUUq56JqfzyHwdpHou+waXbwtvGgXN3sz+KkuEv6R2qDz06upZV
  10. FCZRRpDhzoR8Uh/UEzTGZb8z7FB6EJXUiXJikQIBIwKCAQBBmBuGYFf1bK+BGG7H
  11. 9ySe81ecqVsJtx4aCFLVRGScWg4RbQKIvXs5an6XU/VdNGQnx0RYvBkvDvuzRRC8
  12. J8Bd4kB0CfTtGJuaVigKoQp02HEWx1HSa17+tlWD0c4KFBvwywi+DYQ83S64x8gz
  13. eOalX9bPFenqORPUD8R7gJeKvPVc6ZTPeorpuH7u9xayP0Eop8qKxZza9Xh3foVj
  14. Qo4IxoYnDN57CIRX5PFSlDDggpmr8FtRF4nAxmFq8LhSp05ivzX/Ku1SNHdaMWZO
  15. 7va8tISXdLI5m0EGzoVoBvohIbwlxI6kfmamrh6Eas2Jnsc4CLzMsR4jBWt0LHLv
  16. /SLnAoGBANaEUf/Jptab9G/xD9W2tw/636i3gLpTPY9KPtCcAxqStNeT6RAWZ5HF
  17. lKJg+NKpu3pI45ldAwvts0i+aCZk2xakEWIZWqCmXm31JSPDQTaMGe7H0vOmUaxx
  18. ncdpBVdvhMbfFUgei15iKfuafgrKaS9oIkntXEgrC+3wBOI0Gbx3AoGBANLAGxAF
  19. TK7ydr+Q1+6/ujs6e8WsXt8HZMa/1khCVSbrf1MgACvZPSSSrDpVwaDTSjlRI4AL
  20. bb0l0RFU+/0caMiHilscuJdz9Fdd9Ux4pjROZa3TF5CFhvP7PsZAoxOo+yqJg4zr
  21. 996GG/aAv4M8lQJ2rDFk/Dgn5y/AaAun1oM3AoGAGIQmoOPYjY4qkHNSRE9lYOl4
  22. pZFQilKn8x5tlC8WTC4GCgJGhX7nQ9wQ/J1eQ/YkDfmznH+ok6YjHkGlgLsRuXHW
  23. GdcDCwuzBUCWh76LHC1EytUCKnloa3qy8jfjWnMlHgrd3FtDILrC+C7p1Vj2FAvm
  24. qVz0moiTpioPL8twp9MCgYEAin49q3EyZFYwxwdpU7/SJuvq750oZq0WVriUINsi
  25. A6IR14oOvbqkhb94fhsY12ZGt/N9uosq22H+anms6CicoQicv4fnBHDFI3hCHE9I
  26. pgeh50GTJHUA6Xk34V2s/kp5KpThazv6qCw+QubkQExh660SEdSlvoCfPKMCi1EJ
  27. TukCgYAZKY1NZ2bjJyyO/dfNvMQ+etUL/9esi+40GUGyJ7SZcazrN9z+DO0yL39g
  28. 7FT9NMIc2dsmNJQMaGBCDl0AjO1O3b/wqlrNvNBGkanxn2Htn5ajfo+LBU7yHAcV
  29. 7w4X5HLarXiE1mj0LXFKJhdvFqU53KUQJXBqR6lsMqzsdPwLMJg==
  30. -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
  32. private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
  33. transport = paramiko.Transport((\'120.92.84.249\', 22))
  34. transport.connect(username=\'root\', pkey=private_key)
  36. ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  37. ssh._transport = transport
  39. stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\')
  40. result = stdout.read()
  41. print(result.decode(\'utf-8\'))
  42. transport.close()
  44. print(result)

2.4、SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

  1. import paramiko
  2.  
  3. transport = paramiko.Transport((\'120.92.84.249\',22))
  4. transport.connect(username=\'root\',password=\'xxx\')
  5.  
  6. sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
  7. # 将/tmp/11.txt 上传至服务器 /tmp/22.txt
  8. sftp.put（localpath=\'/tmp/11.txt\', remotepath=\'/tmp/22.txt\')
  9. # 将remote_path 下载到本地 local_path
  10. sftp.get(\'remove_path\', \'local_path\')
  12. transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载

  1. import paramiko
  3. private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/tmp/id_rsa\')
  5. transport = paramiko.Transport((\'120.92.84.249\', 22))
  6. transport.connect(username=\'root\', pkey=private_key )
  8. sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
  9. # 将/tmp/11.txt 上传至服务器 /tmp/22.txt
  10. sftp.put（localpath=\'/tmp/11.txt\', remotepath=\'/tmp/22.txt\')
  11. # 将remote_path 下载到本地 local_path
  12. sftp.get(\'remove_path\', \'local_path\')
  14. transport.close()

例子：

  1. import paramiko
  2. import uuid
  4. class Haproxy(object):
  6.     def __init__(self):
  7.         self.host = \'172.16.103.191\'
  8.         self.port = 22
  9.         self.username = \'root\'
  10.         self.pwd = \'123\'
  11.         self.__k = None
  13.     def create_file(self):
  14.         file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
  15.         with open(file_name,\'w\') as f:
  16.             f.write(\'sb\')
  17.         return file_name
  19.     def connect(self):
  20.         transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
  21.         transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
  22.         self.__transport = transport
  24.     def upload(self):
  25.         # 连接，上传
  26.         file_name = self.create_file()
  27.         sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
  28.         # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
  29.         sftp.put(file_name, \'/home/root/tttttttttttt.py\')
  31.     def rename(self):
  32.         ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  33.         ssh._transport = self.__transport
  34.         # 执行命令
  35.         stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'mv /home/root/tttttttttttt.py /home/root/ooooooooo.py\')
  36.         # 获取命令结果
  37.         result = stdout.read()
  39.     def close(self):
  40.         self.__transport.close()
  42.     def run(self):
  43.         self.connect()
  44.         self.upload()
  45.         self.rename()
  46.         self.close()
  48. ha = Haproxy()
  49. ha.run()

 

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