ubuntu 12.04 安装pip等命令安装模块失败
参考文章:http://www.gm100861.com/816.html
python2和python3的变化太大了,在一个系统中现在都是两个版本都安装了,刚开始学习python有种无所是从的感觉,想使用pip这个模块安装工具,就因为多版本python的问题报错:
1 # pip 2 Traceback (most recent call last): 3 File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module> 4 from pkg_resources import load_entry_point 5 ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
问题:
在ubunu 12.04 下面有多个python版本,所以在使用pip的时候会导致报错
1 # python 2 python python2.7-dbg python2-dbg-config python3mu 3 python2 python2.7-dbg-config python3 python-config 4 python2.7 python2-config python3.2 python-dbg 5 python2.7-config python2-dbg python3.2mu python-dbg-config
解决:
1 # curl -O http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py 2 # /usr/local/pyton2.7/bin/python distribute_setup.py
使用新版本的python来运行这个脚本,这个会自动安装出来一个easy_install,然后使用这个新的easy_install来安装pip就可以了!
1 # /usr/local/python/bin/easy_install pip 2 # /usr/local/python/bin/pip -V 3 pip 1.4.1 from /usr/local/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg (python 2.7)
安装生成的所有二进制文件,都是在你的PYTHON_HOME/bin/,因为我的是安装在/usr/local/python/,所以命令都在这里,以后再调用pip要使用绝对路径,或者做链接!
1 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
2.7的模块是在以下目录
/usr/local/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
安装 mysql模块
1 easy_install MySQL-python
NOTE:
按照这个方法也可以为python3安装模块,但是还没有好好的了解的python3所以这块内容就先不管了!
附:脚本的原文
1 #!python 2 """Bootstrap distribute installation 3 4 If you want to use setuptools in your package\'s setup.py, just include this 5 file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py:: 6 7 from distribute_setup import use_setuptools 8 use_setuptools() 9 10 If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download 11 mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying 12 the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``. 13 14 This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools. 15 """ 16 import os 17 import shutil 18 import sys 19 import time 20 import fnmatch 21 import tempfile 22 import tarfile 23 import optparse 24 25 from distutils import log 26 27 try: 28 from site import USER_SITE 29 except ImportError: 30 USER_SITE = None 31 32 try: 33 import subprocess 34 35 def _python_cmd(*args): 36 args = (sys.executable,) + args 37 return subprocess.call(args) == 0 38 39 except ImportError: 40 # will be used for python 2.3 41 def _python_cmd(*args): 42 args = (sys.executable,) + args 43 # quoting arguments if windows 44 if sys.platform == \'win32\': 45 def quote(arg): 46 if \' \' in arg: 47 return \'"%s"\' % arg 48 return arg 49 args = [quote(arg) for arg in args] 50 return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0 51 52 DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.49" 53 DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/" 54 SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11" 55 56 SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\ 57 Metadata-Version: 1.0 58 Name: setuptools 59 Version: %s 60 Summary: xxxx 61 Home-page: xxx 62 Author: xxx 63 Author-email: xxx 64 License: xxx 65 Description: xxx 66 """ % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION 67 68 def _install(tarball, install_args=()): 69 # extracting the tarball 70 tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() 71 log.warn(\'Extracting in %s\', tmpdir) 72 old_wd = os.getcwd() 73 try: 74 os.chdir(tmpdir) 75 tar = tarfile.open(tarball) 76 _extractall(tar) 77 tar.close() 78 79 # going in the directory 80 subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0]) 81 os.chdir(subdir) 82 log.warn(\'Now working in %s\', subdir) 83 84 # installing 85 log.warn(\'Installing Distribute\') 86 if not _python_cmd(\'setup.py\', \'install\', *install_args): 87 log.warn(\'Something went wrong during the installation.\') 88 log.warn(\'See the error message above.\') 89 # exitcode will be 2 90 return 2 91 finally: 92 os.chdir(old_wd) 93 shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 94 95 def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir): 96 # extracting the tarball 97 tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() 98 log.warn(\'Extracting in %s\', tmpdir) 99 old_wd = os.getcwd() 100 try: 101 os.chdir(tmpdir) 102 tar = tarfile.open(tarball) 103 _extractall(tar) 104 tar.close() 105 106 # going in the directory 107 subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0]) 108 os.chdir(subdir) 109 log.warn(\'Now working in %s\', subdir) 110 111 # building an egg 112 log.warn(\'Building a Distribute egg in %s\', to_dir) 113 _python_cmd(\'setup.py\', \'-q\', \'bdist_egg\', \'--dist-dir\', to_dir) 114 115 finally: 116 os.chdir(old_wd) 117 shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 118 # returning the result 119 log.warn(egg) 120 if not os.path.exists(egg): 121 raise IOError(\'Could not build the egg.\') 122 123 def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay): 124 egg = os.path.join(to_dir, \'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg\' 125 % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])) 126 if not os.path.exists(egg): 127 tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base, 128 to_dir, download_delay) 129 _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir) 130 sys.path.insert(0, egg) 131 import setuptools 132 setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg 133 134 def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, 135 to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True): 136 # making sure we use the absolute path 137 to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) 138 was_imported = \'pkg_resources\' in sys.modules or \ 139 \'setuptools\' in sys.modules 140 try: 141 try: 142 import pkg_resources 143 144 # Setuptools 0.7b and later is a suitable (and preferable) 145 # substitute for any Distribute version. 146 try: 147 pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=0.7b") 148 return 149 except (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound, 150 pkg_resources.VersionConflict): 151 pass 152 153 if not hasattr(pkg_resources, \'_distribute\'): 154 if not no_fake: 155 _fake_setuptools() 156 raise ImportError 157 except ImportError: 158 return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) 159 try: 160 pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version) 161 return 162 except pkg_resources.VersionConflict: 163 e = sys.exc_info()[1] 164 if was_imported: 165 sys.stderr.write( 166 "The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n" 167 "and can\'t be installed while this script is running. Please\n" 168 "install a more recent version first, using\n" 169 "\'easy_install -U distribute\'." 170 "\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0])) 171 sys.exit(2) 172 else: 173 del pkg_resources, sys.modules[\'pkg_resources\'] # reload ok 174 return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, 175 download_delay) 176 except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: 177 return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, 178 download_delay) 179 finally: 180 if not no_fake: 181 _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir) 182 183 def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, 184 to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15): 185 """Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename 186 187 `version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available 188 as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end 189 with a \'/\'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded. 190 `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download 191 attempt. 192 """ 193 # making sure we use the absolute path 194 to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) 195 try: 196 from urllib.request import urlopen 197 except ImportError: 198 from urllib2 import urlopen 199 tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version 200 url = download_base + tgz_name 201 saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name) 202 src = dst = None 203 if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads 204 try: 205 log.warn("Downloading %s", url) 206 src = urlopen(url) 207 # Read/write all in one block, so we don\'t create a corrupt file 208 # if the download is interrupted. 209 data = src.read() 210 dst = open(saveto, "wb") 211 dst.write(data) 212 finally: 213 if src: 214 src.close() 215 if dst: 216 dst.close() 217 return os.path.realpath(saveto) 218 219 def _no_sandbox(function): 220 def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw): 221 try: 222 from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandbox 223 if not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, \'_old\'): 224 def violation(*args): 225 pass 226 DirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation 227 DirectorySandbox._violation = violation 228 patched = True 229 else: 230 patched = False 231 except ImportError: 232 patched = False 233 234 try: 235 return function(*args, **kw) 236 finally: 237 if patched: 238 DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._old 239 del DirectorySandbox._old 240 241 return __no_sandbox 242 243 def _patch_file(path, content): 244 """Will backup the file then patch it""" 245 f = open(path) 246 existing_content = f.read() 247 f.close() 248 if existing_content == content: 249 # already patched 250 log.warn(\'Already patched.\') 251 return False 252 log.warn(\'Patching...\') 253 _rename_path(path) 254 f = open(path, \'w\') 255 try: 256 f.write(content) 257 finally: 258 f.close() 259 return True 260 261 _patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file) 262 263 def _same_content(path, content): 264 f = open(path) 265 existing_content = f.read() 266 f.close() 267 return existing_content == content 268 269 def _rename_path(path): 270 new_name = path + \'.OLD.%s\' % time.time() 271 log.warn(\'Renaming %s to %s\', path, new_name) 272 os.rename(path, new_name) 273 return new_name 274 275 def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder): 276 if not os.path.isdir(placeholder): 277 log.warn(\'Unkown installation at %s\', placeholder) 278 return False 279 found = False 280 for file in os.listdir(placeholder): 281 if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, \'setuptools*.egg-info\'): 282 found = True 283 break 284 if not found: 285 log.warn(\'Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info\') 286 return 287 288 log.warn(\'Moving elements out of the way...\') 289 pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file) 290 if os.path.isdir(pkg_info): 291 patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info) 292 else: 293 patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) 294 295 if not patched: 296 log.warn(\'%s already patched.\', pkg_info) 297 return False 298 # now let\'s move the files out of the way 299 for element in (\'setuptools\', \'pkg_resources.py\', \'site.py\'): 300 element = os.path.join(placeholder, element) 301 if os.path.exists(element): 302 _rename_path(element) 303 else: 304 log.warn(\'Could not find the %s element of the \' 305 \'Setuptools distribution\', element) 306 return True 307 308 _remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation) 309 310 def _after_install(dist): 311 log.warn(\'After install bootstrap.\') 312 placeholder = dist.get_command_obj(\'install\').install_purelib 313 _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder) 314 315 def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder): 316 if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder): 317 log.warn(\'Could not find the install location\') 318 return 319 pyver = \'%s.%s\' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]) 320 setuptools_file = \'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info\' % \ 321 (SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver) 322 pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file) 323 if os.path.exists(pkg_info): 324 log.warn(\'%s already exists\', pkg_info) 325 return 326 327 log.warn(\'Creating %s\', pkg_info) 328 try: 329 f = open(pkg_info, \'w\') 330 except EnvironmentError: 331 log.warn("Don\'t have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info) 332 return 333 try: 334 f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) 335 finally: 336 f.close() 337 338 pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, \'setuptools.pth\') 339 log.warn(\'Creating %s\', pth_file) 340 f = open(pth_file, \'w\') 341 try: 342 f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file)) 343 finally: 344 f.close() 345 346 _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox( 347 _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info 348 ) 349 350 def _patch_egg_dir(path): 351 # let\'s check if it\'s already patched 352 pkg_info = os.path.join(path, \'EGG-INFO\', \'PKG-INFO\') 353 if os.path.exists(pkg_info): 354 if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO): 355 log.warn(\'%s already patched.\', pkg_info) 356 return False 357 _rename_path(path) 358 os.mkdir(path) 359 os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, \'EGG-INFO\')) 360 pkg_info = os.path.join(path, \'EGG-INFO\', \'PKG-INFO\') 361 f = open(pkg_info, \'w\') 362 try: 363 f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) 364 finally: 365 f.close() 366 return True 367 368 _patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir) 369 370 def _before_install(): 371 log.warn(\'Before install bootstrap.\') 372 _fake_setuptools() 373 374 def _under_prefix(location): 375 if \'install\' not in sys.argv: 376 return True 377 args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index(\'install\') + 1:] 378 for index, arg in enumerate(args): 379 for option in (\'--root\', \'--prefix\'): 380 if arg.startswith(\'%s=\' % option): 381 top_dir = arg.split(\'root=\')[-1] 382 return location.startswith(top_dir) 383 elif arg == option: 384 if len(args) > index: 385 top_dir = args[index + 1] 386 return location.startswith(top_dir) 387 if arg == \'--user\' and USER_SITE is not None: 388 return location.startswith(USER_SITE) 389 return True 390 391 def _fake_setuptools(): 392 log.warn(\'Scanning installed packages\') 393 try: 394 import pkg_resources 395 except ImportError: 396 # we\'re cool 397 log.warn(\'Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.\') 398 return 399 ws = pkg_resources.working_set 400 try: 401 setuptools_dist = ws.find( 402 pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(\'setuptools\', replacement=False) 403 ) 404 except TypeError: 405 # old distribute API 406 setuptools_dist = ws.find( 407 pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(\'setuptools\') 408 ) 409 410 if setuptools_dist is None: 411 log.warn(\'No setuptools distribution found\') 412 return 413 # detecting if it was already faked 414 setuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location 415 log.warn(\'Setuptools installation detected at %s\', setuptools_location) 416 417 # if --root or --preix was provided, and if 418 # setuptools is not located in them, we don\'t patch it 419 if not _under_prefix(setuptools_location): 420 log.warn(\'Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute\' 421 \' in another location\') 422 return 423 424 # let\'s see if its an egg 425 if not setuptools_location.endswith(\'.egg\'): 426 log.warn(\'Non-egg installation\') 427 res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location) 428 if not res: 429 return 430 else: 431 log.warn(\'Egg installation\') 432 pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, \'EGG-INFO\', \'PKG-INFO\') 433 if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and 434 _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)): 435 log.warn(\'Already patched.\') 436 return 437 log.warn(\'Patching...\') 438 # let\'s create a fake egg replacing setuptools one 439 res = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location) 440 if not res: 441 return 442 log.warn(\'Patching complete.\') 443 _relaunch() 444 445 def _relaunch(): 446 log.warn(\'Relaunching...\') 447 # we have to relaunch the process 448 # pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug 449 _cmd1 = [\'-c\', \'install\', \'--single-version-externally-managed\'] 450 _cmd2 = [\'-c\', \'install\', \'--record\'] 451 if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd1 or sys.argv[:3] == _cmd2: 452 sys.argv[0] = \'setup.py\' 453 args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv 454 sys.exit(subprocess.call(args)) 455 456 def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None): 457 """Extract all members from the archive to the current working 458 directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on 459 directories afterwards. `path\' specifies a different directory 460 to extract to. `members\' is optional and must be a subset of the 461 list returned by getmembers(). 462 """ 463 import copy 464 import operator 465 from tarfile import ExtractError 466 directories = [] 467 468 if members is None: 469 members = self 470 471 for tarinfo in members: 472 if tarinfo.isdir(): 473 # Extract directories with a safe mode. 474 directories.append(tarinfo) 475 tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo) 476 tarinfo.mode = 448 # decimal for oct 0700 477 self.extract(tarinfo, path) 478 479 # Reverse sort directories. 480 if sys.version_info < (2, 4): 481 def sorter(dir1, dir2): 482 return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name) 483 directories.sort(sorter) 484 directories.reverse() 485 else: 486 directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter(\'name\'), reverse=True) 487 488 # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories. 489 for tarinfo in directories: 490 dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name) 491 try: 492 self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath) 493 self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath) 494 self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath) 495 except ExtractError: 496 e = sys.exc_info()[1] 497 if self.errorlevel > 1: 498 raise 499 else: 500 self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e) 501 502 def _build_install_args(options): 503 """ 504 Build the arguments to \'python setup.py install\' on the distribute package 505 """ 506 install_args = [] 507 if options.user_install: 508 if sys.version_info < (2, 6): 509 log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later") 510 raise SystemExit(1) 511 install_args.append(\'--user\') 512 return install_args 513 514 def _parse_args(): 515 """ 516 Parse the command line for options 517 """ 518 parser = optparse.OptionParser() 519 parser.add_option( 520 \'--user\', dest=\'user_install\', action=\'store_true\', default=False, 521 help=\'install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)\') 522 parser.add_option( 523 \'--download-base\', dest=\'download_base\', metavar="URL", 524 default=DEFAULT_URL, 525 help=\'alternative URL from where to download the distribute package\') 526 options, args = parser.parse_args() 527 # positional arguments are ignored 528 return options 529 530 def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION): 531 """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall""" 532 options = _parse_args() 533 tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base) 534 return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options)) 535 536 if __name__ == \'__main__\': 537 sys.exit(main())