PHP运用Redis实现高并发应用于商城秒杀功能实例
PHP运用Redis实现高并发应用商城秒杀功能简单实例
1.高并发对数据库产生的压力
对于PHP来说很简单,用缓存技术就可以缓解数据库压力,比如memcache,redis等缓存技术。
2.竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少(“超卖”)
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","litieniu","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单 function build_order_no(){ return date(\'ymd\').substr(implode(NULL, array_map(\'ord\', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values(\'$event\',\'$type\')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模拟下单操作 //库存是否大于0 $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id=\'$goods_id\' and sku_id=\'$sku_id\'";//解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id=\'$goods_id\' and sku_id=\'$sku_id\' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行 $rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row[\'number\']>0){//高并发下会导致超卖 $order_sn=build_order_no(); //生成订单 $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values(\'$order_sn\',\'$user_id\',\'$goods_id\',\'$sku_id\',\'$price\')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=\'$sku_id\'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog(\'库存减少成功\'); }else{ insertLog(\'库存减少失败\'); } }else{ insertLog(\'库存不够\'); }
优化方案1:
将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
//库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=\'$sku_id\' and number>0"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog(\'库存减少成功\'); }
优化方案2:
利用mysql的事务,锁住操作的行
<?php $conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单号 function build_order_no(){ return date(\'ymd\').substr(implode(NULL, array_map(\'ord\', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values(\'$event\',\'$type\')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模拟下单操作 //库存是否大于0 mysql_query("BEGIN"); //开始事务 $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id=\'$goods_id\' and sku_id=\'$sku_id\' FOR UPDATE";//此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行 $rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row[\'number\']>0){ //生成订单 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values(\'$order_sn\',\'$user_id\',\'$goods_id\',\'$sku_id\',\'$price\')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=\'$sku_id\'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog(\'库存减少成功\'); mysql_query("COMMIT");//事务提交即解锁 }else{ insertLog(\'库存减少失败\'); } }else{ insertLog(\'库存不够\'); mysql_query("ROLLBACK"); }
优化方案3
使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害)
先将商品的库存存进队列
<?php $store=1000; $redis=new Redis(); $result=$redis->connect(\'127.0.0.1\',6379); $res=$redis->llen(\'goods_store\'); echo $res; $count=$store-$res; for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){ $redis->lpush(\'goods_store\',1); } echo $redis->llen(\'goods_store\');
抢购、描述逻辑
<?php $store=1000; $redis=new Redis(); $result=$redis->connect(\'127.0.0.1\',6379); $res=$redis->llen(\'goods_store\'); echo $res; $count=$store-$res; for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){ $redis->lpush(\'goods_store\',1); } echo $redis->llen(\'goods_store\');
上面只是简单模拟高并发的抢购,真实场景比这复杂很多,很多注意的地方
如抢购页面做成静态的,通过ajax异步调用接口
再如上面的会导致一个用户抢多个
思路:
需要一个排队队列和抢购结果队列及库存队列。高并发情况,先将用户进入排队队列,用一个线程循环处理从排队队列取出一个用户,判断用户是否已在抢购结果队列,如果在,则已抢购,否则未抢购,库存减1,写数据库,将用户入结果队列。