数字图像处理之频域图像增强
这篇博客主要讲解频域滤波增强的各类滤波器的实现,并分析不同的滤波器截止频率对频域滤波增强效果的影响
数字图像处理之频域图像增强
by方阳
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请指明转载地址
http://www.cnblogs.com/fydeblog/p/7069942.html
1. 前言
这篇博客主要讲解频域滤波增强的各类滤波器的实现,并分析不同的滤波器截止频率对频域滤波增强效果的影响。理论的知识还请看书和百度,这里不再复述!
2. 原理说明
(1) 图像的增强可以通过频域滤波来实现,频域低通滤波器滤除高频噪声,频域高通滤波器滤除低频噪声。
(2) 相同类型的滤波器的截止频率不同,对图像的滤除效果也会不同。
3. 实现内容
(1) 选择任意一副图像,对其进行傅里叶变换,在频率域中实现二阶butterworth低通滤波器的平滑作用,截止频率任意设定。显示原始图像和滤波图像。
(2) 选择任意一副图像,对其进行傅里叶变换,在频率域中实现两种不同半径(截止频率)的高斯高通滤波的锐化效果,显示原始图像和滤波图像,及与原图像叠加的高频增强图像。
4. 程序实现及实验结果
(1)butterworth滤波器
参考代码:
I=imread(\'fig620.jpg\'); f=D3_To_D2(I); PQ=paddedsize(size(f)); [U,V]=dftuv(PQ(1),PQ(2)); D0=0.05*PQ(2); F=fft2(f,PQ(1),PQ(2)); H=1./(1+((U.^2+V.^2)/(D0^2)).^2); g=dftfilt(f,H); figure; subplot(1,3,1); imshow(f); title(\'原图\'); subplot(1,3,2); imshow(fftshift(H),[]); title(\'滤波器频谱\'); subplot(1,3,3); imshow(g,[]); title(\'滤波后的图像\');
D3_To_D2函数参考代码:
function image_out=D3_To_D2(image_in) [m,n]=size(image_in); n=n/3;%由于我的灰度图像是185x194x3的,所以除了3,你们如果是PxQ的,就不要加了 A=zeros(m,n);%构造矩阵 for i=1:m for j=1:n A(i,j)= image_in(i,j);%填充图像到A end end image_out=uint8(A);
paddedsize函数参考代码:
function PQ = paddedsize(AB,CD,~ ) %PADDEDSIZE Computes padded sizes useful for FFT-based filtering. % Detailed explanation goes here if nargin == 1 PQ = 2*AB; elseif nargin ==2 && ~ischar(CD) PQ = QB +CD -1; PQ = 2*ceil(PQ/2); elseif nargin == 2 m = max(AB);%maximum dimension %Find power-of-2 at least twice m. P = 2^nextpow(2*m); PQ = [P,P]; elseif nargin == 3 m = max([AB CD]);%maximum dimension P = 2^nextpow(2*m); PQ = [P,P]; else error(\'Wrong number of inputs\'); end
dftuv函数参考代码:
function [ U,V ] = dftuv( M, N ) %DFTUV 实现频域滤波器的网格函数 % Detailed explanation goes here u = 0:(M - 1); v = 0:(N - 1); idx = find(u > M/2); %找大于M/2的数据 u(idx) = u(idx) - M; %将大于M/2的数据减去M idy = find(v > N/2); v(idy) = v(idy) - N; [V, U] = meshgrid(v, u); end
运行结果
(2)高通滤波器
参考代码:
I1=imread(\'lena.bmp\'); f1=D3_To_D2(I1); PQ1=paddedsize(size(f1)); D0_1=0.05*PQ(1); D0_2=0.1*PQ(1); H1=hpfilter(\'gaussian\',PQ1(1),PQ1(2),D0_1); H2=hpfilter(\'gaussian\',PQ1(1),PQ1(2),D0_2); g1=dftfilt(f1,H1); g2=dftfilt(f1,H2); H1=0.5+2*H1; H2=0.5+2*H2; g3=dftfilt(f1,H1); g4=dftfilt(f1,H2); g3=histeq(gscale(g3),256); g4=histeq(gscale(g4),256); figure; subplot(2,3,1); imshow(f1); title(\'原图\'); subplot(2,3,2); imshow(g1,[]); title(\'滤波后的图像-系数0.05\'); subplot(2,3,3); imshow(g2,[]); title(\'滤波后的图像-系数0.1\'); subplot(2,3,4); imshow(g3,[]); title(\'增强后的图像-系数0.05\'); subplot(2,3,5); imshow(g4,[]); title(\'增强后的图像-系数0.1\');
hpfilter函数参考代码:
function H = hpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n) if nargin == 4 n = 1; end hlp = lpfilter(type, M, N, D0, n); H = 1 - hlp;
hpfilter中的lpfilter参考代码:
function [ H, D ] = lpfilter( type,M,N,D0,n ) %LPFILTER creates the transfer function of a lowpass filter. % Detailed explanation goes here %use function dftuv to set up the meshgrid arrays needed for computing %the required distances. [U, V] = dftuv(M,N); %compute the distances D(U,V) D = sqrt(U.^2 + V.^2); %begin filter computations switch type case \'ideal\' H = double(D <= D0); case \'btw\' if nargin == 4 n = 1; end H = 1./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n)); case \'gaussian\' H = exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2))); otherwise error(\'Unkown filter type\'); end
gscale函数参考代码:
function g = gscale(f, varargin) %GSCALE Scales the intensity of the input image. % G = GSCALE(F, \'full8\') scales the intensities of F to the full % 8-bit intensity range [0, 255]. This is the default if there is % only one input argument. % % G = GSCALE(F, \'full16\') scales the intensities of F to the full % 16-bit intensity range [0, 65535]. % % G = GSCALE(F, \'minmax\', LOW, HIGH) scales the intensities of F to % the range [LOW, HIGH]. These values must be provided, and they % must be in the range [0, 1], independently of the class of the % input. GSCALE performs any necessary scaling. If the input is of % class double, and its values are not in the range [0, 1], then % GSCALE scales it to this range before processing. % % The class of the output is the same as the class of the input. % Copyright 2002-2004 R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, & S. L. Eddins % Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, Prentice-Hall, 2004 % $Revision: 1.5 $ $Date: 2003/11/21 14:36:09 $ if length(varargin) == 0 % If only one argument it must be f. method = \'full8\'; else method = varargin{1}; end if strcmp(class(f), \'double\') & (max(f(:)) > 1 | min(f(:)) < 0) f = mat2gray(f); end % Perform the specified scaling. switch method case \'full8\' g = im2uint8(mat2gray(double(f))); case \'full16\' g = im2uint16(mat2gray(double(f))); case \'minmax\' low = varargin{2}; high = varargin{3}; if low > 1 | low < 0 | high > 1 | high < 0 error(\'Parameters low and high must be in the range [0, 1].\') end if strcmp(class(f), \'double\') low_in = min(f(:)); high_in = max(f(:)); elseif strcmp(class(f), \'uint8\') low_in = double(min(f(:)))./255; high_in = double(max(f(:)))./255; elseif strcmp(class(f), \'uint16\') low_in = double(min(f(:)))./65535; high_in = double(max(f(:)))./65535; end % imadjust automatically matches the class of the input. g = imadjust(f, [low_in high_in], [low high]); otherwise error(\'Unknown method.\') end
运行结果:
五.结果分析
(1)由第一个图可以看出,图像经过低通滤波器,图像的高频分量滤掉了,图像变得平滑。
(2)由第二个图可以看出,图像不同的截止频率,出来的图像也不同,系数小的效果强。