Java第五次作业–面向对象高级特性(抽象类和接口)

(一)学习总结

1.在上周完成的思维导图基础上,补充本周的学习内容,对Java面向对象编程的知识点做一个全面的总结。

2.汽车租赁公司,出租汽车种类有客车、货车和皮卡三种,每辆汽车除了具有编号、名称、租金三个基本属性之外,客车有载客量,货车有载货量,皮卡则同时具有载客量和载货量。用面向对象编程思想分析上述问题,将其表示成合适的类、抽象类或接口,说明设计思路并画出类图。

  • 设计思路:
    设计两个接口:分别为载客(载客量方法)和载货(载货量方法)
    设计一个汽车类的抽象方法,具有编号,名称,租金三种属性。
    设计客车,货车,皮卡三种类继承抽象类
    接口:客车->载客 货车->载货 皮卡->载客和载货
  • 类图:

3.阅读下面程序,分析代码是否能编译通过,如果不能,说明原因,并进行改正。如果能,列出运行结果

interface Animal{    
    void breathe();
    void run();
    void eat();
}
class Dog implements Animal{
    public void breathe(){
        System.out.println("I\'m breathing");
    }
    void eat(){
        System.out.println("I\'m eating");
    }
}
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Dog dog = new Dog();
        dog.breathe();
        dog.eat();
    }
}

不能通过,Dog类继承Animal接口,Dog类必须实现接口的抽象所有方法

修改后的代码为:

interface Animal{    
    void breathe();
    void run();
    void eat();
}
class Dog implements Animal{
    public void breathe(){
        System.out.println("I\'m breathing");
    }
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("I\'m eating");
    }
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("I\'m running");
		
	}
}
public class test04{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Dog dog = new Dog();
        dog.breathe();
        dog.eat();
        dog.run();
    }
}

运行结果为:

4.运行下面的程序

import java.util.Arrays;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] fruits = {"peach","banana","orange","apple"};
        Arrays.sort(fruits);
        for(int i = 0;i < fruits.length;i++)
        {
            System.out.println(fruits[i]);
        }
    }
}

程序输出的结果是升序排序的。查看String 类的源码,说明是如何实现的?如果现在希望对输出的结果进行降序排序,该如何处理?修改上述代码,实现按照字母顺序逆序排序。、

String类的源代码:

public final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence
{
    /** The value is used for character storage. */
    private final char value[];

    /** The offset is the first index of the storage that is used. */
    private final int offset;

    /** The count is the number of characters in the String. */
    private final int count;

    /** Cache the hash code for the string */
    private int hash; // Default to 0

    /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;

    /**
     * Class String is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
     *
     * A String instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
     * following format:
     * <pre>
     *      <code>TC_STRING</code> (utf String)
     * </pre>
     * The String is written by method <code>DataOutput.writeUTF</code>.
     * A new handle is generated to  refer to all future references to the
     * string instance within the stream.
     */
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
        new ObjectStreamField[0];

    /**
     * Initializes a newly created {@code String} object so that it represents
     * an empty character sequence.  Note that use of this constructor is
     * unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
     */
    public String() {
        this.offset = 0;
        this.count = 0;
        this.value = new char[0];
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a newly created {@code String} object so that it represents
     * the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the
     * newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Unless an
     * explicit copy of {@code original} is needed, use of this constructor is
     * unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
     *
     * @param  original
     *         A {@code String}
     */
    public String(String original) {
        int size = original.count;
        char[] originalValue = original.value;
        char[] v;
        if (originalValue.length > size) {
            // The array representing the String is bigger than the new
            // String itself.  Perhaps this constructor is being called
            // in order to trim the baggage, so make a copy of the array.
            int off = original.offset;
            v = Arrays.copyOfRange(originalValue, off, off+size);
        } else {
            // The array representing the String is the same
            // size as the String, so no point in making a copy.
            v = originalValue;
        }
        this.offset = 0;
        this.count = size;
        this.value = v;
    }

逆序排序:

    import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] fruits = { "peach", "banana", "orange", "apple" };
        Arrays.sort(fruits, new Comparator<String>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                char a = o1.charAt(0);
                char b = o2.charAt(0);
                if(o1.equals(o2)){
                    return 0;
                }else if(a>b){
                    return -1;
                }else{
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        });
        for (int i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(fruits[i]);
        }
    }
}

(二)实验总结

1.某工厂生产各种音乐盒,客户无需知道音乐盒的制作过程,只需知道如何播放音乐盒即可。用简单工厂设计模式实现该过程:接口MusicBox具有方法play(),两个音乐盒类PianoBox,ViolinBox,MusicBoxFactory 产生MusicBox的实例。

  • 程序设计思路:
    建立MusicBox接口
    建立PianoBox和ViolinBox两个类,继承MusicBox接口
    建立Factory实现功能

  • 实验问题分析:
    问题1:如何用工厂方法优化代码
    解决方案:

     class Factory { 
          public static MusicBox getInstance (String className){ 
         	  MusicBox f = null ; 
               if("PianoBox".equals(className)){
             	  f = new PianoBox();
             	  }
               if("ViolinBox".equals(className)){
             	  f = new ViolinBox();
             	  } 
              return f ; 
        } 
     }
    

2.修改第三次作业的第一题,使用java.util.Date类表示职工的生日和参加工作时间,并将职工信息按照生日大小排序后输出。(分别用comparable和comparator实现)

  • 程序设计思路:
    员工自动分配部门,所以排序时应该在部门中进行排序。
    解决方法:将员工分成两个数组,再对其进行分别排序
    实现代码:

    Employee [] E=new Employee [5];
    Employee [] e=new Employee [5];
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    for(int i=0;i<E.length;i++){
    System.out.println(“请输入第”+(i+1)+”员工的信息”);
    System.out.println(“输入员工号:”);
    int number=in.nextInt();
    System.out.println(“输入员工姓名”);
    String name=in.next();
    System.out.println(“输入员工性别”);
    String sex=in.next();
    System.out.println(“输入员工生日”);
    String str1=In.next();
    birthday1[i]=sdf1.parse(str1);
    System.out.println(“输入员工工作日期”);
    String str2=In.next();
    worktime1[i]=sdf1.parse(str2);
    E[i]=new Employee(number,name,sex,birthday1[i],worktime1[i]);
    }
    Arrays.sort(E);
    for(int i=0;i<e.length;i++){
    System.out.println(“请输入第”+(i+6)+”员工的信息”);
    System.out.println(“输入员工号:”);
    int number=in.nextInt();
    System.out.println(“输入员工姓名”);
    String name=in.next();
    System.out.println(“输入员工性别”);
    String sex=in.next();
    System.out.println(“输入员工生日”);
    String str1=In.next();
    birthday2[i]=sdf1.parse(str1);
    System.out.println(“输入员工工作日期”);
    String str2=In.next();
    worktime2[i]=sdf1.parse(str2);
    e[i]=new Employee(number,name,sex,birthday2[i],worktime2[i]);
    }
    Arrays.sort(e);

3.在案例宠物商店的基础上,实现以下功能:
(1)展示所有宠物
(2)购买宠物
(3)显示购买清单

  • 程序设计思路:
    建立Pet接口
    建立cat和dog两个类,继承Pet接口
    用户选购的时候,根据编号,运用get方法的到相关宠物的信息

  • 实验问题分析:
    问题1:最后输出购物清单,无法一起输出
    解决方案:设置一个数组接受用户购买的所有宠物的编号,在进行遍历,对其输出
    实现代码:

      System.out.println("***************************************");
      		System.out.println("                                      购物清单");
      		for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
      			findcat(C[i],c);
      		}
      		for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
      			finddog(D[i],d);
      		}
      		System.out.println("共选购猫"+flagc+"只狗"+flagd+"只");
      		System.out.println("您购买宠物猫共花费了:"+catmoney+" 您购买宠物狗共花费了:"+dogmoney+" 您总共花费了:"+(dogmoney+catmoney));
    

(三)代码托管

  • 码云commit历史截图

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