python3-邮件发送-不同格式

0x00 邮件格式

要发邮件，总要先了解邮件格式吧，这里指的是邮件的各个部分与python中SMTP所对应的一些必须的格式

0x01 简单发送邮件格式如下：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

mail_host = \'smtp.139.com\'
mail_user = \'xxx@139.com\'
mail_pass = \'xx\'

#  邮件定义区域
msg = MIMEText(\'我是邮件内容\',\'plain\',\'utf-8\') # 邮箱正文内容
msg[\'Subject\'] = \'我是标题\'
# msg[\'From\'] = mail_user  # 发件人
msg[\'From\'] = \'发件人自定义\'+\'<\'+mail_user+\'>\'
msg[\'To\'] = \'xxx@139.com,xxx@163.com\'  # 收件人
msg[\'Cc\'] = \'xxx@163.com\'   # 抄送对象

server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(mail_host)
server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
server.sendmail(msg[\'From\'],msg[\'To\']+msg[\'Cc\'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()

发送效果如下：

0x02 邮件中发送附件

　　0x21 发送简单文本内容附件

import smtplib
import pandas as pd
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

mail_host = \'smtp.163.com\'
mail_user = \'xxx@163.com\'
mail_pass = \'xx\'
receivers = [\'xxx@139.com\']

def mailsend():
    #  创建一个带有附件的实例
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    subject = \'标题：邮件附件发送测试\'
    msg[\'From\'] = "xxx"
    msg[\'To\'] = ",".join(receivers)
    msg[\'Subject\'] = subject
    msg[\'Cc\'] = "抄送对象"
    msg.attach(MIMEText(\'正文：python邮件附件发送测试\', \'plain\', \'utf-8\'))

    # 附件1 普通文本
    att1 = MIMEText(open(r\'xxx.txt\', \'rb\').read(), _subtype=\'base64\',_charset=\'utf-8\')
    att1[\'Content-Type\'] = \'text/plain\'
    att1[\'Content-Disposition\'] = \'attachment;filename="test.txt"\'
    msg.attach(att1)

    server = smtplib.SMTP()
    server.connect(mail_host)
    server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    server.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
    server.quit()

　　0x22 发送excel附件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

mail_server = \'smtp.163.com\'   # input("请输入邮箱服务器地址：")
    mail_user = \'xxx@163.com\'   # input("请输入你的邮箱：")
    mail_pass = \'xxx\'   # input("请输入你的邮箱密码或是授权码")
    receivers = [\'xxx@139.com\']

    msg = MIMEMultipart()   #创建一个邮件实例
    msg[\'From\'] = Header(\'管理员<%s>\'% mail_user).encode()
    msg[\'To\'] = \',\'.join(receivers)
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(\'邮件附件发送测试\',\'utf-8\').encode()   #邮件标题
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body,\'plain\',\'utf-8\'))   #邮件正文

    # with open(attachment,\'rb\')as f:
    #     mime = MIMEBase(\'text\',\'txt\',filename=attachment)
    #     mime.add_header(\'Content-Disposition\',\'attachment\',filename=attachment)
    #     mime.set_payload(f.read())
    #     encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    #     msg.attach(mime)

    \'\'\'
    text_part = MIMEBase(\'text\', \'plain\')
    part = MIMEBase(\'application\', "bitcoin-paymentrequest")
    part = MIMEBase("application","zip")
    可以看出，不同的文件类型，其发送时的一些格式都不一样，模板不能全部套用
    \'\'\'
    part = MIMEBase("application","octet-stream")
    part.set_payload(open(r"xxx.xls","rb").read())
    encoders.encode_base64(part)
    part.add_header(\'Content-Disposition\',\'attachment\',filename=attachment)
    msg.attach(part)
    try:
        s = smtplib.SMTP()
        s.connect(mail_server)
        s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        s.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
        s.quit()
    except Exception as e:
        print(\'错误类型:\',e.__class__.__name__)
        print(\'错误明细:\',e)

　　0x23 邮件发送html附件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr

import requests

def getHtml(url):
    html = requests.get(url).text
    return html

def mailSend(body):
    mail_server = \'smtp.163.com\'
    mail_user = \'xx@163.com\'
    mail_pass = \'xx\'
    receivers = [\'xx@139.com\']

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg[\'From\'] = "好好学习<%s>" % mail_user
    msg[\'To\'] = \',\'.join(receivers)
    msg[\'Subject\'] = "这是一个发送html附件的邮件~"
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body,\'html\',\'utf-8\'))
    # try:
    link = smtplib.SMTP()
    link.connect(mail_server)
    link.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    link.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
    link.quit()
    # except Exception as e:
    #     print("Error:%s" % e)

if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/foe0/p/11926083.html"
    body = getHtml(url)
    mailSend(body)

　　我这里测试发的内容是自定义的一段;直接读取url发送的，渲染出现了问题，这里不做关注，不是本节要点。

    body = \'\'\'
     <h1>测试邮件</h1>
    <h2 style="color:red">This is a test</h1>
    \'\'\'

　　0x24 邮件发送图片

　　　　发送图片时，不定义body文字正文也可以发送出去，但是在邮件中是看不到图片的，这里的body内容就是一个图像展示方式的定义。

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
# 格式化邮件地址

def sendMail(body, image):
    smtp_server = \'smtp.163.com\'
    from_mail = \'x@163.com\'
    mail_pass = \'x\'
    to_mail = [\'xx@139.com\',]

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    # Header对中文进行转码
    msg[\'From\'] = \'管理员 <%s>\' % from_mail
    msg[\'To\'] = \',\'.join(to_mail)
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(\'图片\', \'utf-8\')
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, \'html\', \'utf-8\'))

    with open(image,"rb")as f:
        pic = MIMEImage(f.read())
    pic.add_header(\'Content-ID\',\'<image1>\')
    msg.attach(pic)

    try:
        s = smtplib.SMTP()
        s.connect(smtp_server, "25")
        s.login(from_mail, mail_pass)
        s.sendmail(from_mail, to_mail, msg.as_string())  # as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str
        s.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print("Error: %s" % e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    body = \'\'\'
    <html><body>
    <center>下边是一张图片</center>
    <img src="cid:image1" alt="image1" align="center" width=100% >
    <center>上边是一张图片</center>
    </body></html>
    \'\'\'
    sendMail(body, \'2.jpg\')