【良心保姆级教程】java手把手教你用swing写一个学生的增删改查模块
良心保姆级教程，java教你手把手用swing写一个gui图形化的学生管理系统模块，不懂代码的你，也可以复制并运行出来。
很多刚入门的同学，不清楚如何用java、swing去开发出一个系统？
不清楚如何使用java代码去操作数据库进行增删改查一些列操作，不清楚java代码和数据库（mysql、sqlserver）之间怎么联系起来。
一个系统本质上就是一系列的模块组合起来的，只要懂了一个模块的实现，其他的自然而然的也就不难。
今天，我们通过做一个学生管理的一个通俗模块，去给大家演示如何用java+swing+mysql去实现一个学生管理的曾删改查。
1.前期准备工作，开发工具安装，主要包括如下开发工具：
- jdk，java开发和运行环境，1.7或者1.8的版本都可以。
- eclispe，java代码编写工具，主要用来写java代码，当然你可以用idea
- mysql，数据库，主要用来存储数据，5.6以上版本，8.0的版本需要注意驱动的升级
- navicat for mysql 数据库可视化工具，主要用来操作mysql，简化数据库操作。
2.以上环境准备好之后，接下来可以进行数据库表的设计，我们可以用navicat for mysql创建一个数据库（如何创建，可以自行科普），名字叫做db_demo；
然后再新建一个数据库表t_student，sql语句如下，可自行拷贝然后执行：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_student`; CREATE TABLE `t_student` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生ID', `stuno` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学号', `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名', `grade` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班级', `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '添加时间', `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
这样数据库表，就已经创建好了。数据库表一般对应一个entity实体类，字段互相对应，实体类代码如下：
package com.xiaoniucr.entity;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 学生实体类
* @author Lenovo
*
*/
public class Student {
/**
* 学生ID
*/
private Integer id;
/**
* 学号
*/
private String stuno;
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 班级
*/
private String grade;
/**
* 添加时间
*/
private Date creatTime;
/**
* 修改时间
*/
private Date updateTime;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getStuno() {
return stuno;
}
public void setStuno(String stuno) {
this.stuno = stuno;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGrade() {
return grade;
}
public void setGrade(String grade) {
this.grade = grade;
}
public Date getCreatTime() {
return creatTime;
}
public void setCreatTime(Date creatTime) {
this.creatTime = creatTime;
}
public Date getUpdateTime() {
return updateTime;
}
public void setUpdateTime(Date updateTime) {
this.updateTime = updateTime;
}
}
3.接下来我们开始写java代码了，首先设计界面，粗略思考一下，包含三个界面：学生列表查询界面，学生信息添加界面，学生信息修改界面，其中添加界面和修改界面差不多的，界面如下:
查询界面：
查询界面设计代码：
package com.xiaoniucr.view;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import com.xiaoniucr.dao.StudentDao;
import com.xiaoniucr.entity.Student;
public class UserListView extends JFrame {
private JPanel contentPane;
private JTable table;
private JTextField nameText;
private StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
UserListView frame = new UserListView();
frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* Create the frame.
*/
public UserListView() {
setTitle("学生列表");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100, 100, 600, 337);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
contentPane = new JPanel();
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
setContentPane(contentPane);
contentPane.setLayout(null);
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
scrollPane.setBounds(10, 39, 564, 232);
contentPane.add(scrollPane);
Object[] columns = { "ID", "学号", "姓名", "年级", "添加时间" };// 字段
Object[][] data = null;// 需要展示的数据，一般是二维数组
DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, columns);
table = new JTable(model);
//加载学生数据
load(null);
scrollPane.setViewportView(table);
JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("姓名");
lblNewLabel.setBounds(10, 10, 42, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);
nameText = new JTextField();
nameText.setBounds(44, 8, 115, 21);
contentPane.add(nameText);
nameText.setColumns(10);
//查询按钮
JButton searchBtn = new JButton("查询");
searchBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
load(nameText.getText());
}
});
searchBtn.setBounds(169, 8, 63, 23);
contentPane.add(searchBtn);
//添加按钮
JButton addBtn = new JButton("添加");
addBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
AddView view = new AddView();
view.setVisible(true);
}
});
addBtn.setBounds(365, 8, 63, 23);
contentPane.add(addBtn);
//修改按钮
JButton updateBtn = new JButton("修改");
updateBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// 获取选中行
int row = table.getSelectedRow();
if (row < 0) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请选择一条记录", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
int id = Integer.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 0).toString());
UpdateView view = new UpdateView(id);
view.setVisible(true);
}
});
updateBtn.setBounds(438, 8, 63, 23);
//删除按钮
JButton deleteBtn = new JButton("删除");
deleteBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// 获取选中行
int row = table.getSelectedRow();
if (row < 0) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请选择一条记录", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(contentPane, "确认删除该学生吗？", "提示",
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
if (result == 0) {
int id = Integer.valueOf(table.getValueAt(row, 0).toString());
boolean flag = studentDao.delete(id);
if(flag){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "删除成功!");
load(null);
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "操作失败", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}
return;
}
});
deleteBtn.setBounds(511, 8, 63, 23);
contentPane.add(deleteBtn);
contentPane.add(updateBtn);
}
// 填充表格数据
public void load(String name){
List<Student> list = studentDao.queryList(name);
DefaultTableModel tableModel = (DefaultTableModel) table.getModel();
tableModel.setRowCount(0);// 清除原有行
// 填充数据
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
for (Student item : list) {
String[] arr = new String[5];
arr[0] = item.getId() + "";
arr[1] = item.getStuno();
arr[2] = item.getName();
arr[3] = item.getGrade();
arr[4] = sdf.format(item.getCreatTime());
// 添加数据到表格
tableModel.addRow(arr);
}
}
}
添加界面：
添加界面代码：
package com.xiaoniucr.view;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import com.xiaoniucr.dao.StudentDao;
import com.xiaoniucr.entity.Student;
public class AddView extends JFrame {
private JPanel contentPane;
private JTextField stunoText;
private JTextField nameText;
private JTextField gradeText;
private StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
AddView frame = new AddView();
frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* Create the frame.
*/
public AddView() {
setTitle("学生添加");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100, 100, 443, 300);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
contentPane = new JPanel();
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
setContentPane(contentPane);
contentPane.setLayout(null);
JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("学号：");
lblNewLabel.setBounds(112, 50, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);
stunoText = new JTextField();
stunoText.setBounds(151, 47, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(stunoText);
stunoText.setColumns(10);
JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("姓名：");
lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(112, 93, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_1);
nameText = new JTextField();
nameText.setBounds(151, 90, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(nameText);
nameText.setColumns(10);
JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("班级：");
lblNewLabel_2.setBounds(111, 134, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_2);
gradeText = new JTextField();
gradeText.setBounds(151, 131, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(gradeText);
gradeText.setColumns(10);
//保存
JButton saveBtn = new JButton("保存");
saveBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String stuno = stunoText.getText();
String name = nameText.getText();
String grade = gradeText.getText();
if(stuno == null || "".equals(stuno)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入学号", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
if(name == null || "".equals(name)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入姓名", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
if(grade == null || "".equals(grade)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入班级", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
Student student = new Student();
student.setStuno(stuno);
student.setName(name);
student.setGrade(grade);
boolean flag = studentDao.save(student);
if(flag){
dispose();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "添加成功，刷新可查看!");
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "操作失败", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
return;
}
});
saveBtn.setBounds(151, 180, 74, 23);
contentPane.add(saveBtn);
//取消
JButton cancleBtn = new JButton("取消");
cancleBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose();
}
});
cancleBtn.setBounds(237, 180, 74, 23);
contentPane.add(cancleBtn);
}
}
修改界面：
修改界面代码：
package com.xiaoniucr.view;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import com.xiaoniucr.dao.StudentDao;
import com.xiaoniucr.entity.Student;
public class UpdateView extends JFrame {
private JPanel contentPane;
private JTextField stunoText;
private JTextField nameText;
private JTextField gradeText;
private StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
UpdateView frame = new UpdateView(1);
frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* Create the frame.
*/
public UpdateView(final int id) {
setTitle("学生编辑");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100, 100, 443, 300);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
contentPane = new JPanel();
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
setContentPane(contentPane);
contentPane.setLayout(null);
JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("学号：");
lblNewLabel.setBounds(112, 50, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);
stunoText = new JTextField();
stunoText.setBounds(151, 47, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(stunoText);
stunoText.setColumns(10);
JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("姓名：");
lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(112, 93, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_1);
nameText = new JTextField();
nameText.setBounds(151, 90, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(nameText);
nameText.setColumns(10);
JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("班级：");
lblNewLabel_2.setBounds(111, 134, 43, 15);
contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_2);
gradeText = new JTextField();
gradeText.setBounds(151, 131, 160, 21);
contentPane.add(gradeText);
gradeText.setColumns(10);
//保存
JButton saveBtn = new JButton("保存");
saveBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String stuno = stunoText.getText();
String name = nameText.getText();
String grade = gradeText.getText();
if(stuno == null || "".equals(stuno)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入学号", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
if(name == null || "".equals(name)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入姓名", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
if(grade == null || "".equals(grade)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "请输入班级", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
return;
}
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(id);
student.setStuno(stuno);
student.setName(name);
student.setGrade(grade);
boolean flag = studentDao.update(student);
if(flag){
dispose();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "修改成功，刷新可查看!");
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(contentPane, "操作失败", "系统提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
return;
}
});
saveBtn.setBounds(151, 180, 74, 23);
contentPane.add(saveBtn);
//取消
JButton cancleBtn = new JButton("取消");
cancleBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose();
}
});
cancleBtn.setBounds(237, 180, 74, 23);
contentPane.add(cancleBtn);
//数据回显
Student student = studentDao.getById(id);
stunoText.setText(student.getStuno());
nameText.setText(student.getName());
gradeText.setText(student.getGrade());
}
}
4.界面设计完成之后，就是连接数据库了，连接数据库需要依赖一个jar包：mysql-connector-java-5.1.21.jar，数据库连接代码如下：包含数据库的连接和使用完成之后的一些资源释放。
package com.xiaoniucr.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class JDBCUtils {
//数据库连接地址
public static String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8";
//数据库驱动
public static String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//数据库用户名
public static String USER = "root";
//数据库密码
public static String PWD = "123456";
/*
* 数据库连接
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection con = null;
try {
// 加载驱动
Class.forName(DRIVER);
// 获取连接对象
con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PWD);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return con;
}
/**
* 关闭连接资源
* @param con 连接对象
* @param pstmt 预编译对象
* @param rs 结果集
*/
public static void close(Connection con, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
try {
if (rs != null){
rs.close();
}
if (pstmt != null){
pstmt.close();
}
if (con != null){
con.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5.数据库连接完成之后，就是数据库的操作了，这里包含三个操作，学生列表的查询，学生信息的添加保存到数据库，和学生信息的修改保存，数据库操作代码如下：
package com.xiaoniucr.dao;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import com.xiaoniucr.entity.Student;
import com.xiaoniucr.util.JDBCUtils;
/**
* 学生数据库操作
* @author Lenovo
*
*/
public class StudentDao {
/**
* 查询学生列表
* @param name 学生姓名
* @return
*/
public List<Student> queryList(String name){
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("select * from t_student where 1=1 ");
if(name != null && !"".equals(name)){
sb.append("and name like ? ");
params.add(name);
}
sb.append("order by create_time desc");
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sb.toString());
if(params != null && params.size()>0){
for(int i=0; i<params.size(); i++){
pstmt.setObject(i, params.get(i));
}
}
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
student.setStuno(rs.getString("stuno"));
student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
student.setGrade(rs.getString("grade"));
student.setCreatTime(rs.getDate("create_time"));
student.setUpdateTime(rs.getDate("update_time"));
list.add(student);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(con, pstmt, rs);
}
return list;
}
/**
* 保存学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
public boolean save(Student student){
Connection con = null;
String sql = "insert into t_student(stuno,name,grade,create_time,update_time) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, student.getStuno());
pstmt.setString(2, student.getName());
pstmt.setString(3, student.getGrade());
Date date = new Date();
pstmt.setTimestamp(4, new Timestamp(date.getTime()));
pstmt.setTimestamp(5, new Timestamp(date.getTime()));
int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if(rows > 0){
return true;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(con, pstmt, null);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
public boolean update(Student student){
Connection con = null;
String sql = "update t_student set stuno=?,name=?,grade=?,update_time=? where id=?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, student.getStuno());
pstmt.setString(2, student.getName());
pstmt.setString(3, student.getGrade());
Date date = new Date();
pstmt.setTimestamp(4, new Timestamp(date.getTime()));
pstmt.setInt(5, student.getId());
int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if(rows > 0){
return true;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(con, pstmt, null);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 删除学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
public boolean delete(int id){
Connection con = null;
String sql = "delete from t_student where id=?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setInt(1, id);
int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if(rows > 0){
return true;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(con, pstmt, null);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 根据ID查询学生
* @param id 学生ID
* @return
*/
public Student getById(int id){
Student student = null;
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from t_student where id = ?";
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setObject(1, id);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
student = new Student();
student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
student.setStuno(rs.getString("stuno"));
student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
student.setGrade(rs.getString("grade"));
student.setCreatTime(rs.getDate("create_time"));
student.setUpdateTime(rs.getDate("update_time"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(con, pstmt, rs);
}
return student;
}
}
以上就是全部的代码了，大家可以参考一下，或者直接创建一个项目，然后代码复制进去，基本都可以跑起来。
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