3种上传图片并实现预览的方法
在常见的用户注册页面,需要用户在本地选择一张图片作为头像,并同时预览。
常见的思路有两种:一是将图片上传至服务器的临时文件夹中,并返回该图片的url,然后渲染在html页面;另一种思路是,直接在本地内存中预览图片,用户确认提交后再上传至服务器保存。
这两种方法各有利弊,方法一很明显,浪费流量和服务器资源;方法二则加重了浏览器的负担,并且对浏览器的兼容性要求更高(在某些低版本中的IE浏览器不支持)。
以下是实现上述思路的方法:
1. 模板文件
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <div style="margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 30px"> 9 <form action=""> 10 {% csrf_token %} 11 <h3>用户注册</h3> 12 <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"></p> 13 <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"></p> 14 <p>邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"></p> 15 <input id="avatar" type="text" value="/static/images/sample.png" name="avatar" style="width: 400px"> {# 实际应用中要将该input标签隐藏,display:none; #} 16 <p><input type="submit" value="注册"></p> 17 </form> 18 <div style="position: absolute; top: 85px; left: 300px;"> 19 <input id="avatarSlect" type="file" style="position: absolute;float: left; z-index: 10; opacity: 0;width: 100px; height: 100px;"> 20 <img id="avatarPreview" src="/static/images/sample.png" title="点击更换图片" style="position: absolute; z-index: 9; float: left; width: 100px; height: 100px"> 21 </div> 22 </div> 23 </body> 24 25 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> 26 <script> 27 $(function () { 28 bindAvatar(); 29 }); 30 function bindAvatar() { 31 if(window.URL.createObjectURL){ 32 bindAvatar3(); 33 }else if(window.FileReader){ 34 bindAvatar2(); 35 }else { 36 bindAvatar1(); 37 } 38 } 39 40 /*Ajax上传至后台并返回图片的url*/ 41 function bindAvatar1() { 42 $("#avatarSlect").change(function () { 43 var csrf = $("input[name=\'csrfmiddlewaretoken\']").val(); 44 var formData=new FormData(); 45 formData.append("csrfmiddlewaretoken",csrf); 46 formData.append(\'avatar\', $("#avatarSlect")[0].files[0]); /*获取上传的图片对象*/ 47 $.ajax({ 48 url: \'/upload_avatar/\', 49 type: \'POST\', 50 data: formData, 51 contentType: false, 52 processData: false, 53 success: function (args) { 54 console.log(args); /*服务器端的图片地址*/ 55 $("#avatarPreview").attr(\'src\',\'/\'+args); /*预览图片*/ 56 $("#avatar").val(\'/\'+args); /*将服务端的图片url赋值给form表单的隐藏input标签*/ 57 } 58 }) 59 }) 60 } 61 /*window.FileReader本地预览*/ 62 function bindAvatar2() { 63 console.log(2); 64 $("#avatarSlect").change(function () { 65 var obj=$("#avatarSlect")[0].files[0]; 66 var fr=new FileReader(); 67 fr.onload=function () { 68 $("#avatarPreview").attr(\'src\',this.result); 69 console.log(this.result); 70 $("#avatar").val(this.result); 71 }; 72 fr.readAsDataURL(obj); 73 }) 74 } 75 /*window.URL.createObjectURL本地预览*/ 76 function bindAvatar3() { 77 console.log(3); 78 $("#avatarSlect").change(function () { 79 var obj=$("#avatarSlect")[0].files[0]; 80 var wuc=window.URL.createObjectURL(obj); 81 $("#avatarPreview").attr(\'src\',wuc); 82 $("#avatar").val(wuc); 83 {# $("#avatarPreview").load(function () {#} /*当图片加载后释放内存空间,但在jQuery3.2.1中会报错。浏览器关闭后也会自动释放*/ 84 {# window.URL.revokeObjectURL(wuc);#} 85 {# })#} 86 }) 87 } 88 89 </script> 90 </html>
test.html
2. 视图函数
1 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse 2 3 4 def test(request): 5 return render(request, \'test.html\') 6 7 8 def upload_avatar(request): 9 file_obj = request.FILES.get(\'avatar\') 10 file_path = os.path.join(\'static/images\', file_obj.name) 11 with open(file_path, \'wb\') as f: 12 for chunk in file_obj.chunks(): 13 f.write(chunk) 14 return HttpResponse(file_path)
upload_avatar.py
3. 路由系统
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from django.contrib import admin 3 from home import views as homeViews 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), 7 url(r\'^upload_avatar/\', homeViews.upload_avatar), # 上传头像 8 url(r\'^test/\', homeViews.test), # 测试页面 9 ]
urls.py
验证效果:
选择图片前:
Ajax上传图片至服务器,并返回浏览器该图片的url:
window.FileReader本地预览,form表单提交:
window.URL.createObjectURL本地预览,form表单提交: