body { font: 16px / 1.5em 微软雅黑, arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif }

      HTML5有一个Server-Sent Events(SSE)功能,允许服务端推送数据到客户端。(通常叫数据推送)。我们来看下,传统的WEB应用程序通信时的简单时序图:

sse1

现在Web App中,大都有Ajax,是这样子:

sse2

基于数据推送是这样的,当数据源有新数据,它马上发送到客户端,不需要等待客户端请求。这些新数据可能是最新闻,最新股票行情,来自朋友的聊天信息,天气预报等。

sse3

      数据拉与推的功能是一样的,用户拿到新数据。但数据推送有一些优势。 你可能听说过Comet, Ajax推送, 反向Ajax, HTTP流,WebSockets与SSE是不同的技术。可能最大的优势是低延迟。SSE用于web应用程序刷新数据,不需要用户做任何动作。
      你可能听说过HTML5的WebSockets,也能推送数据到客户端。WebSockets是实现服务端更加复杂的技术,但它是真的全双工socket, 服务端能推送数据到客户端,客户端也能推送数据回服务端。SSE工作于存在HTTP/HTTPS协议,支持代理服务器与认证技术。SSE是文本协议你能轻易的调试它。如果你需要发送大部二进制数据从服务端到客户端,WebSocket是更好的选择。

      让我们来看一下很简单示例,先是前端basic_sse.html:

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Basic SSE Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <pre id="x">Initializing...</pre>
    <script>
    var es = new EventSource("basic_sse.php");
    es.addEventListener("message", function(e){
      document.getElementById("x").innerHTML += "\n" + e.data;
      },false);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: consolas, “Courier New”, courier, monospace; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .rem { color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode .str { color: rgba(0, 96, 128, 1) }
.csharpcode .op { color: rgba(0, 0, 192, 1) }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: rgba(204, 102, 51, 1) }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .html { color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .attr { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .alt { background-color: rgba(244, 244, 244, 1); width: 100%; margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .lnum { color: rgba(96, 96, 96, 1) }

后端先是一个basic_sse.php页面:

<?php
header("Content-Type: text/event-stream");
while(true){
  echo "data:".date("Y-m-d H:i:s")."\n\n";
  @ob_flush();@flush();
  sleep(1);
  }
?>

您可以使用Apache Server 这里我们把它们放在SinaAppEngine上,浏览器FireFox访问basic_see.html时,将继续返回当前时间:

sse4

代码中数据格式是data: datetime.  在这儿,我们还可以使用Node.js来做服务端,datepush.js代码是这样的:

var http = require("http");
http.createServer(function(request, response){
  response.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/event-stream" });
  setInterval(function(){
    var content = "data:" +
      new Date().toISOString() + "\n\n";
    response.write(content);
    }, 1000);
  }).listen(1234);

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: consolas, “Courier New”, courier, monospace; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .rem { color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode .str { color: rgba(0, 96, 128, 1) }
.csharpcode .op { color: rgba(0, 0, 192, 1) }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: rgba(204, 102, 51, 1) }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .html { color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .attr { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .alt { background-color: rgba(244, 244, 244, 1); width: 100%; margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .lnum { color: rgba(96, 96, 96, 1) }

完善一下功能,如果我们用Node.js来返回HTML,代码是这样的datepush.js:

var http = require("http"), fs = require("fs");
var port = parseInt( process.argv[2] || 1234 );
http.createServer(function(request, response){
  console.log("Client connected:" + request.url);
  if(request.url!="/sse"){
    fs.readFile("basic_sse.html", function(err,file){
      response.writeHead(200, { \'Content-Type\': \'text/html\' });
      var s = file.toString();  //file is a buffer
      s = s.replace("basic_sse.php","sse");
      response.end(s);
      });
    return;
    }
  //Below is to handle SSE request. It never returns.
  response.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/event-stream" });
  var timer = setInterval(function(){
    var content = "data:" + new Date().toISOString() + "\n\n";
    var b = response.write(content);
    if(!b)console.log("Data got queued in memory (content=" + content + ")");
    else console.log("Flushed! (content=" + content + ")");
    },1000);
  request.connection.on("close", function(){
    response.end();
    clearInterval(timer);
    console.log("Client closed connection. Aborting.");
    });
  }).listen(port);
console.log("Server running at http://localhost:" + port);

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: consolas, “Courier New”, courier, monospace; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .rem { color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode .str { color: rgba(0, 96, 128, 1) }
.csharpcode .op { color: rgba(0, 0, 192, 1) }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: rgba(204, 102, 51, 1) }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .html { color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .attr { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .alt { background-color: rgba(244, 244, 244, 1); width: 100%; margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .lnum { color: rgba(96, 96, 96, 1) }在控制台,运行 node datepush2.js,在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1:1234/sse2 ,效果如下截图:

sse5

 

假设您曾经有javascript编程经验,代码并不难看懂。前端是HTML5,后端可以是PHP, JSP, Node.js, Asp.net等应用。

Tips: 不所有浏览器都支持SSE,可以使用以下Javascript来判断:

if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined"){
   // Yes! Server-sent events support!
   }
 else{
   // Sorry! No server-sent events support in our system
   }
 

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: consolas, “Courier New”, courier, monospace; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .rem { color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) }
.csharpcode .str { color: rgba(0, 96, 128, 1) }
.csharpcode .op { color: rgba(0, 0, 192, 1) }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: rgba(204, 102, 51, 1) }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .html { color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .attr { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) }
.csharpcode .alt { background-color: rgba(244, 244, 244, 1); width: 100%; margin: 0 }
.csharpcode .lnum { color: rgba(96, 96, 96, 1) }

目前浏览器支持情况:

Browser

Supported

Notes

Internet Explorer

No

IE is not supported

Mozilla Firefox

Yes

Version 6.0

Google Chrome

Yes

GC is Supported

Opera

Yes

Version 11

Safari

Yes

Version 5.0

希望对您WEB应用程序开发有帮助。

您可能感兴趣的文章:

HTML5上传文件显示进度

Html 5中自定义data-*特性

HTML5中实现拖放效果

W3C HTML5 SSE


作者:Petter Liu

出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wintersun/

本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

该文章也同时发布在我的独立博客中-Petter Liu Blog

版权声明:本文为wintersun原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/wintersun/p/3735160.html