javaWeb实现验证码--代码超简单
方法一：
1、前端显示
HTML：
<h3>验证码：</h3> <input type="text" name="validationCode" id="validationCode" placeholder="请输入验证码" lay-verify="required"> <img src="validate.jsp" id="validationCode_img" title="看不清?换一个" onclick="loadimage();return false;" name="validationCode_img" align="middle">
JS：
//加载验证码图片，后面加时间可以保证每次页面刷新时验证码也刷新 function loadimage(){ document.getElementById("validationCode_img").src= "validate.jsp?time=" + new Date().getTime(); }
2、用一个页面生成验证码图片，这里我用JSP页面validate.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@page import="java.awt.image.BufferedImage"%> <%@page import="java.awt.Graphics2D"%> <%@page import="java.awt.Color"%> <%@page import="java.awt.Font"%> <%@page import="javax.imageio.ImageIO"%> <%@page import="java.util.Random"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>验证码</title> </head> <body> <% int width = 60; int height = 20; // 创建具有可访问图像数据缓冲区的Image BufferedImage buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics(); // 创建一个随机数生成器 Random random = new Random(); g.setColor(Color.WHITE); g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); // 创建字体，字体的大小应该根据图片的高度来定 Font font = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 18); // 设置字体 g.setFont(font); // 画边框 g.setColor(Color.BLACK); g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1); // 随机产生160条干扰线 g.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); for (int i = 0; i < 160; i++) { int x = random.nextInt(width); int y = random.nextInt(height); int x1 = random.nextInt(12); int y1 = random.nextInt(12); g.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1); } // randomCode 用于保存随机产生的验证码 StringBuffer randomCode = new StringBuffer(); int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0; // 随机产生4位数字的验证码 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // 得到随机产生的验证码数字 String strRand = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10)); // 产生随机的颜色分量来构造颜色值 red = random.nextInt(110); green = random.nextInt(50); blue = random.nextInt(50); // 用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中 g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue)); g.drawString(strRand, 13 * i + 6, 16); randomCode.append(strRand); } // 将四位数字的验证码保存到session中 //HttpSession session = request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("randomCode", randomCode.toString()); // 禁止图像缓存 response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); // 将图像输出到servlet输出流中 ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos); sos.close(); //sos = null; out.clear(); out = pageContext.pushBody(); %> </body> </html>
3、在validate.jsp页面中生成的验证码其实就是在java后端生成的，所以就存进了session中，我们只需要在用户提交的时候将填写的验证码带到后端，这里我使用的是ajax请求，后端只需要判断验证码是否和session中一样就可以了。
方法二：
html代码：
<div class="layui-form-item"> <div class="layui-inline"> <input type="text" name="verity" required lay-verify="required" placeholder="验证码" autocomplete="off" class="layui-input"> </div> <div class="layui-inline"> <img class="verifyImg" id="verifyImg" onclick="javascript:getvCode();" /> <script type="text/javascript"> getvCode();//初始化验证码，写在此处减少验证码图片出来的延时 </script> </div> </div>
js代码：
/** * 获取验证码 * 将验证码写到login.html页面的id = verifyimg 的地方 */ function getvCode() { $("#verifyImg").attr(\'src\',timestamp("verifyCode")); } //为url添加时间戳 function timestamp(url) { var getTimestamp = new Date().getTime(); if (url.indexOf("?") > -1) { url = url + "×tamp=" + getTimestamp } else { url = url + "?timestamp=" + getTimestamp } return url; };
java代码：
model层
//验证码 public class VerifyCode { private String code; private byte[] imgBytes; private long expireTime; public String getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(String code) { this.code = code; } public byte[] getImgBytes() { return imgBytes; } public void setImgBytes(byte[] imgBytes) { this.imgBytes = imgBytes; } public long getExpireTime() { return expireTime; } public void setExpireTime(long expireTime) { this.expireTime = expireTime; } }
service层
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import com.hongyang.webglasses.model.VerifyCode; //验证码生成接口 public interface IVerifyCodeGen { /** * 生成验证码并返回code，将图片写的os中 * * @param width * @param height * @param os * @return * @throws IOException */ String generate(int width, int height, OutputStream os) throws IOException; /** * 生成验证码对象 * * @param width * @param height * @return * @throws IOException */ VerifyCode generate(int width, int height) throws IOException; }
serviceimpl实现
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.hongyang.webglasses.model.VerifyCode; import com.hongyang.webglasses.service.IVerifyCodeGen; import com.hongyang.webglasses.util.RandomUtils; @Service public class SimpleCharVerifyCodeGenImpl implements IVerifyCodeGen { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCharVerifyCodeGenImpl.class); private static final String[] FONT_TYPES = { "\u5b8b\u4f53", "\u65b0\u5b8b\u4f53", "\u9ed1\u4f53", "\u6977\u4f53", "\u96b6\u4e66" }; private static final int VALICATE_CODE_LENGTH = 4; /** * 生成随机字符 * * @param width * @param height * @param os * @return * @throws IOException */ @Override public String generate(int width, int height, OutputStream os) throws IOException { BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics(); fillBackground(graphics, width, height); String randomStr = RandomUtils.randomString(VALICATE_CODE_LENGTH); createCharacter(graphics, randomStr); graphics.dispose(); //设置JPEG格式 ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os); return randomStr; } /** * 验证码生成 * * @param width * @param height * @return */ @Override public VerifyCode generate(int width, int height) { VerifyCode verifyCode = null; try ( //将流的初始化放到这里就不需要手动关闭流 ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ) { String code = generate(width, height, baos); verifyCode = new VerifyCode(); verifyCode.setCode(code); verifyCode.setImgBytes(baos.toByteArray()); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); verifyCode = null; } return verifyCode; } /** * 设置字符颜色大小 * * @param g * @param randomStr */ private void createCharacter(Graphics g, String randomStr) { char[] charArray = randomStr.toCharArray(); for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++) { //设置RGB颜色算法参数 g.setColor(new Color(50 + RandomUtils.nextInt(100), 50 + RandomUtils.nextInt(100), 50 + RandomUtils.nextInt(100))); //设置字体大小，类型 g.setFont(new Font(FONT_TYPES[RandomUtils.nextInt(FONT_TYPES.length)], Font.BOLD, 26)); //设置x y 坐标 g.drawString(String.valueOf(charArray[i]), 15 * i + 5, 19 + RandomUtils.nextInt(8)); } } /** * 设置背景颜色及大小，干扰线 * * @param graphics * @param width * @param height */ private static void fillBackground(Graphics graphics, int width, int height) { // 填充背景 System.setProperty("myColor", "#BBDAEE"); graphics.setColor(Color.getColor("myColor")); //设置矩形坐标x y 为0 graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); // 加入干扰线条 for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { //设置随机颜色算法参数 graphics.setColor(RandomUtils.randomColor(40, 150)); Random random = new Random(); int x = random.nextInt(width); int y = random.nextInt(height); int x1 = random.nextInt(width); int y1 = random.nextInt(height); graphics.drawLine(x, y, x1, y1); } } }
Controller层
@GetMapping("/verifyCode")
public void verifyCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
IVerifyCodeGen iVerifyCodeGen = new SimpleCharVerifyCodeGenImpl();
try {
//设置长宽
VerifyCode verifyCode = iVerifyCodeGen.generate(80, 28);
String code = verifyCode.getCode();
//将VerifyCode绑定session，登录控制器可从session中取出从而判断用户填的验证码是否正确
request.getSession().setAttribute("VerifyCode", code);
//设置响应头
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
//设置响应头
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
//在代理服务器端防止缓冲
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
//设置响应内容类型
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
response.getOutputStream().write(verifyCode.getImgBytes());
response.getOutputStream().flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
工具类
import java.awt.Color; import java.util.Random; //生成验证码随机字符 public class RandomUtils extends org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils{ private static final char[] CODE_SEQ = { \'A\', \'B\', \'C\', \'D\', \'E\', \'F\', \'G\', \'H\', \'J\', \'K\', \'L\', \'M\', \'N\', \'P\', \'Q\', \'R\', \'S\', \'T\', \'U\', \'V\', \'W\', \'X\', \'Y\', \'Z\', \'2\', \'3\', \'4\', \'5\', \'6\', \'7\', \'8\', \'9\' }; private static final char[] NUMBER_ARRAY = { \'0\', \'1\', \'2\', \'3\', \'4\', \'5\', \'6\', \'7\', \'8\', \'9\' }; private static Random random = new Random(); public static String randomString(int length) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { sb.append(String.valueOf(CODE_SEQ[random.nextInt(CODE_SEQ.length)])); } return sb.toString(); } public static String randomNumberString(int length) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { sb.append(String.valueOf(NUMBER_ARRAY[random.nextInt(NUMBER_ARRAY.length)])); } return sb.toString(); } public static Color randomColor(int fc, int bc) { int f = fc; int b = bc; Random random = new Random(); if (f > 255) { f = 255; } if (b > 255) { b = 255; } return new Color(f + random.nextInt(b - f), f + random.nextInt(b - f), f + random.nextInt(b - f)); } public static int nextInt(int bound) { return random.nextInt(bound); } }
效果图：
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