一、创建线程

 @Test
public void test0() throws Exception {
  System.out.println("main函数开始执行");
  Thread thread=new Thread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      System.out.println("===task start===");
      try {
        Thread.sleep(5000);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("===task finish===");
    }
  });

  thread.start();
  System.out.println("main函数执行结束");

}

二、Future

jdk8之前的实现方式,在JUC下增加了Future,从字面意思理解就是未来的意思,但使用起来却着实有点鸡肋,并不能实现真正意义上的异步,获取结果时需要阻塞线程,或者不断轮询。

@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {

    System.out.println("main函数开始执行");

    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public Integer call() throws Exception {

            System.out.println("===task start===");
            Thread.sleep(5000);
            System.out.println("===task finish===");
            return 3;
        }
    });
    //这里需要返回值时会阻塞主线程,如果不需要返回值使用是OK的。倒也还能接收
    //Integer result=future.get();
    System.out.println("main函数执行结束");

    System.in.read();

}

三、CompletableFuture

使用原生的CompletableFuture实现异步操作,加上对lambda的支持,可以说实现异步任务已经发挥到了极致。

 @Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("main函数开始执行");
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
    CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public Integer get() {
            System.out.println("===task start===");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("===task finish===");
            return 3;
        }
    }, executor);
    future.thenAccept(e -> System.out.println(e));
    System.out.println("main函数执行结束");
}

四、Spring的Async注解

使用spring实现异步需要开启注解,可以使用xml方式或者java config的方式。

xml方式: <task:annotation-driven />

<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" />
<task:executor id="executor"
        pool-size="2" 线程池的大小
        queue-capacity="100" 排队队列长度 
        keep-alive="120" 线程保活时间(单位秒)
        rejection-policy="CALLER_RUNS" 对拒绝的任务处理策略 />

java方式:

@EnableAsync
public class MyConfig {

    @Bean
    public TaskExecutor executor(){
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor=new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10); //核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);  //最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(1000); //队列大小
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("fsx-Executor-"); //指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀。
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        return executor;
    }
}

(1)@Async

@Test
public void test3() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("main函数开始执行");
    myService.longtime();
    System.out.println("main函数执行结束");
}

 @Async
public void longtime() {
    System.out.println("我在执行一项耗时任务");
    try {
        Thread.sleep(5000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("完成");

}

(2)AsyncResult

如果需要返回值,耗时方法返回值用AsyncResult包装。

@Test
public void test4() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("main函数开始执行");
    Future<Integer> future=myService.longtime2();
    System.out.println("main函数执行结束");
    System.out.println("异步执行结果:"+future.get());
}

 @Async
public Future<Integer> longtime2() {
    System.out.println("我在执行一项耗时任务");

    try {
        Thread.sleep(8000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    System.out.println("完成");
    return new AsyncResult<>(3);
}

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