oracle 手工创建数据库
一、手动创建数据库
1、创建文件夹。(根据刚才/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl中的目录,我们也同样创建)
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/adump
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/bdump
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/udump
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/cdump
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile
$ mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/script
$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb
其中:三个必须:
Bdump (backup_dump_list)
Udump (user_dump_list)
Cdump (core_dump_list)核心跟踪文件,系统进程,内核的跟踪文件
其他可选: Adump (audit_dump_list)审计文件
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/init.ora
/u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/init.ora
根据上面我们所看到的init.ora进行如下修改:
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2001, 2002 by Oracle Corporation
###########################################
###########################################
# Cache and I/O
###########################################
db_block_size=8192
db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
###########################################
# Cursors and Library Cache
###########################################
open_cursors=300
###########################################
# Database Identification
###########################################
db_domain=””
db_name=mydb
###########################################
# Diagnostics and Statistics
###########################################
background_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/bdump
core_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/cdump
user_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/udump
###########################################
# File Configuration
###########################################
control_files=(“/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl”,
“/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl”,
“/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control03.ctl”)
db_recovery_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
###########################################
# Job Queues
###########################################
job_queue_processes=10
###########################################
# Miscellaneous
###########################################
compatible=10.2.0.1.0
###########################################
# Processes and Sessions
###########################################
processes=150
###########################################
# SGA Memory
###########################################
sga_target=262144000
###########################################
# Security and Auditing
###########################################
audit_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/adump
remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE
###########################################
# Sort, Hash Joins, Bitmap Indexes
###########################################
pga_aggregate_target=87031808
###########################################
# System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments
###########################################
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Sep 15 21:47:07 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
4、设置环境变量,把SID指向现在的mydb。
$ export ORACLE_SID=mydb
5、创建口令文件。
$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/orapwmydb.ora
password=oracle force=y entries=n
文件命名规则:orapw+实例名,所以我们这里是orapwmydb.ora。 entries:密码文件中可以存放的最大用户数,对应允许以sysdba/Syso per权限 登陆数据库的最大用户数,如果超过此限制,必须重建密码文件。
管理员远程登录时候使用
6、现在一切问题都搞定,那让我们来开启实例吧。
[Copy to clipboard]View Code SQL
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Sep 15 22:23:32 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile=”/u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/init.ora”
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes
Fixed Size 1218868 bytes
Variable Size 88082124 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
7、创建数据库脚本。
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/script/createdb.sql
新建的一个空的createdb.sql文件,写入。
create database mydb
maxlogfiles 5
maxlogmembers 5
maxloghistory 1
maxdatafiles 100
maxinstances 1
user sys identified by oracle
user system identified by oracle
logfile group 1 (\’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo01.log\’) size 10m reuse,
group 2 (\’/u01/app/oracle /oradata/mydb/redo02.log\’) size 10m reuse,
group 3 (\’/u01/app/oracle /oradata/mydb/redo03.log\’) size 10m reuse
datafile \’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf\’ size 325m reuse
extent management local
sysaux datafile \’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf\’ size 325m reuse
default temporary tablespace temp
tempfile \’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf\’ size 20m reuse
undo tablespace undotbs1
datafile \’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undo01.dbf\’ size 200m reuse
character set zhs16gbk
national character set al16utf16;
8、执行创建数据库脚本。
SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/script/createdb.sql
9、执行catalog.sql,创建数据库的数据字典视图。
SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
10、执行catproc.sql,创建执行PL/SQL程序所需的所有包。
11生成SPFILE文件Create spfile FROM
shutdown immediate;
connect SYS/oracle as SYSDBA
startup ;