@page { margin-top: 2cm margin-right: 2cm margin-bottom: 2cm margin-left: 2cm }
pre.ctl { font-family: “Liberation Mono”, monospace }
h1 { margin-bottom: 0.21cm }
h1.western { font-family: “Liberation Sans”, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt }
h1.cjk { font-family: “Noto Sans CJK SC Regular”; font-size: 18pt }
h1.ctl { font-family: “Noto Sans CJK SC Regular”; font-size: 18pt }
p { text-indent: 2cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 115%; page-break-before: auto }
p.western { font-size: 12pt }
p.cjk { font-size: 10pt }
p.ctl { font-size: 12pt }
a:link { so-language: zxx }
code.ctl { font-family: “Liberation Mono”, monospace }

Ubuntu 18.04 教程

1.Ubuntu 18.04 更换国内源

　 国内常用的ubuntu源：中科大源，阿里源，清华源，网易源

 

• 清华源
  

   1 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   2 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   3 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   4 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   5 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   6 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   7 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   8 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   9 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  10 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  清华源

• 阿里源
  

  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

  阿里源

• 网易源
  

  deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

  网易源

• 中科大源
  

  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  中科大源

 

此处以清华源为例：

1. 1. 按住Ctrl+alt+t打开命令行
   2. 输入:

      sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

   3. 输入密码
   4. 将上面的源复制到文件中，并覆盖，选择一处即可
   5. 更新

      1 sudo apt-get update
      2 sudo apt-get upgrate

   6. 此处可能会报错，显示无法获得锁，注销一下再执行即可

 

2.Ubuntu 18.04 Java开发环境搭建

 

 

1. 安装jdk1.8
   1. 去官网下载1.8版本的jdk，例如我用的1.8.0_171
   2. 为避免到其他位置解压缩麻烦，建议下载后，直接在下载文件夹选中文件，右键提取到此处
   3. 在opt目录下新建一个environment目录，再创建一个Java子目录：

      sudo mkdir environment sudo mkdir java

   4. 移动解压缩后的jdk目录到java目录下：

      sudo mv jdk1.8.0_171 /opt/environment/java/

   5. 配置环境变量：

      sudo gedit ~/.bashrc 

   6. 然后将下面三行粘贴到文件最底部，将位置修改为自己的

      1 export JAVA_HOME=/opt/environment/jdk1.8.0_171
      2 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib
      3 export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

   7. 使用java -version测试是否安装完成
2. 安装MySQL57
1. 此处选择后台下载方式，首先复制下列语句到终端:

   wget -b https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -o mysql-download.log

2. 可以使用 下列语句查看下载进度：

   tail -f mysql-download.log

3. 解压缩，并移动到指定目录，如:

   sudo mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/

4. 创建软链接：

   sudo ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /opt/mysql

5. 安装依赖：

   1 sudo apt-cache search libaio
   2 sudo apt-get install libaio1

6. 建立用户组:

   1 sudo groupadd mysql
   2 sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

7. 创建服务端配置文件:

    1 cat > /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf <<CNF
    2 [mysqld]
    3 basedir=/opt/mysql
    4 datadir=/data/mysql
    5 port=3306
    6 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    7 max_connections=260
    8 pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
    9 log-error=/data/mysql/error.log
   10 CNF

8. 初始化数据目录：

   1 sudo /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld ---defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql –initialize-in
   2 SQL> alter user root@localhost identified by \'1\';

9. 启动musql：

   sudo /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql 2>&1 &

10. 创建客户端配置文件：

    1 cat >~/.my.cnf <<EOF
    2 [client]user=root
    3 password=1
    4 #在 /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf 中有配置。用于本机进程通信
    5 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
    6 EOF

11. 注：因为我本人安装MySQL的时候网上并没有系统的关于ubuntu18.04的教程，所以当时安装的不是很顺利，最后没办法，把压缩包解压后，一个一个点击安装的，此处教程转自博客园网友ChaseForFuture，原文地址
3. 安装eclipse
   1. 安装eclipse相对简单，到eclipse官网下载最新的eclipse 4.7.3a的安装包，然后解压缩
      
   2. 移动到/opt 目录下即可，但是每次使用都需要进入eclipse的bin目录太麻烦，建议手工配置桌面快捷方式
   3. 步骤如下：
      1. 打开终端，输入sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop
         
      2. 将下面的这段代码复制进去：
         

          1 [Desktop Entry]
          2 
          3 Encoding=UTF-8
          4 
          5 Name=Eclipse
          6 
          7 Comment=Eclipse
          8 
          9 #将下面这行改成自己的安装位置，最后一个eclipse不要擅自去掉，linux下eclipse的可运行文件没有后缀名
         10 
         11 Exec=/opt/software/eclipse-jee-oxygen-3a-linux-gtk-x86_64/eclipse/eclipse
         12 
         13 Icon=/opt/software/eclipse-jee-oxygen-3a-linux-gtk-x86_64/eclipse/icon.xpm
         14 
         15 Terminal=false
         16 
         17 StartupNotify=true
         18 
         19 Type=Application
         20 
         21 Categories=Application;Development

         eclipse

4. 安装idea
   
   1. 安装idea教程和上面安装eclipse差不多
   2. 如果需要破解的话，到http://idea.lanyus.com/下载破解补丁，然后打开安装目录下bin目录，粘贴
   3. 找到idea64.vmoptions和idea.vmoptions，使用gedit或者vim打开，在最底下加上如下代码：

      -javaagent:/opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/JetbrainsCrack-2.7-release-str.jar

   4. 冒号后面的地址指向破解补丁对应的地址
   5. 创建快捷方式或者使用sh idea.sh 命令打开idea，选择第二种验证方式，验证代码可以随意输入
   6. 创建快捷方式和上面步骤相同，也略有不同，如下：
      

       1 [Desktop Entry]
       2 Encoding=UTF-8
       3 Name=IntelliJ IDEA
       4 Comment=IntelliJ IDEA
       5 #因为idea在linux下的可运行文件是.sh方式，所以配置稍有不同
       6 Exec=sh /opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/idea.sh
       7 Icon=/opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/idea.png
       8 Terminal=false
       9 Type=Application
      10 Categories=Developer;
      11 Name[zh_CN]=IDEA

      idea快捷方式

5. 安装maven
   1. 解压缩并移动到自定义的目录
   2. 配置环境变量，如上配置jdk，使用：

      sudo gedit ~/.bashrc　

   3. 　添加如下代码：

      1 export M2_HOME=/opt/environment/maven/apache-maven-3.5.3-bin/apache-maven-3.5.3
      2 export PATH=${M2_HOME}/bin:$PATH

   4. 使用mvn -v 验证安装是否成功
6. 安装git
   1. 至于git，安装很简单：

      sudo apt-get install git

   2. 使用方式我就懒得放了，写了一下午，脖子酸　　

3.Ubuntu18.04 搜狗输入法安装教程

ubuntu18.04，因为依赖原因造成搜狗输入法安装失败，或者安装后无法启动等问题。

1. 1. 首先，到搜狗官网下载最新的deb安装文件
   2. 然后使用命令行安装依赖：sudo apt install libfcitx-qt0
   3. 在文件下载目录创建一个新的临时文件夹：mkdir temp
   4. 接着将deb安装文件解压到temp文件夹中：dpkg-deb -R sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb temp/
   5. 使用gedit编辑器编辑 temp/DEBIAN/control ：gedit temp/DEBIAN/control
   6. 找到fcitx-libs-qt (>= 4.2.7)，将之替换成libfcitx-qt0 (>= 1:4.2.9.6-1)
   7. 在temp同级目录下创建新的build文件夹
   8. 重新封包：dpkg-deb -b temp/ build/
   9. 双击deb安装文件进行安装或者使用 dekg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb
   10. 解决依赖问题：sudo apt install –fix-broken
   11. 将键盘输入法系统设置位fcitx，重启系统，将输入法设置成zh