java进阶(41)--反射机制
文档目录:
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1、通过java语言中反射机制可以操作字节码文件
2、通过反射机制可以操作代码片段(class文件)
1、对应的包:java.lang.reflect.*
2、有哪些重要的类:
java.lang.class –> 代表整个字节码文件,代码一个类型,代码整个类
java.lang.reflect.Method –> 代表字节码中的方法字节码,代码类中构造方法
java.lang.reflect.Constructor –> 代表字节码中构造方法字节码,代表类中构造方法
java.lang.reflect.Field –>代表类中属性
1、forName()
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 public class ReflectTest01 {
4 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
5 Class c1=Class.forName("java.lang.String");
6 Class c2=Class.forName("java.util.Date");
7 Class c3=Class.forName("java.lang.Integer");
8 System.out.println(c1);
9 System.out.println(c2);
10 System.out.println(c3);
11 }
12 }
查看执行结果:
class java.lang.String
class java.util.Date
class java.lang.Integer
2、getClass()
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 public class ReflectTest02 {
4 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
5 String s="abc";
6 Class c1=Class.forName("java.lang.String");
7 Class x=s.getClass();
8 //内存地址一致,都指向方法区中的字节码
9 System.out.println(x==c1);
10 }
11 }
执行结果为true
3、.class属性
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 public class ReflectTest03 {
4 public static void main(String[] args) {
5 String s="123";
6 Class y=s.getClass();
7 Class z=String.class;
8 System.out.println(y==z);
9 }
10 }
执行结果为true
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 public class ReflectTest04 {
4 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
5 Class c=Class.forName("com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01.User");
6 //必须保证User类包含无参构造的方法,调用User类的无参构造方法,完成实例对象的创建
7 Object obj= c.newInstance();
8 System.out.println(obj);
9 }
10 }
查看运行结果
调用了User类的无参构造方法
com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01.User@1b6d3586
1、通过i/o流读取classinfo.properties
配置文件:
classinfo.properties:
className=com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01.User
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
4 import java.io.FileReader;
5 import java.io.IOException;
6 import java.util.Properties;
7
8 public class ReflectTest05 {
9 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
10 //通过I/O流读取classinfo.properties文件
11 FileReader reader=new FileReader("src/com/bk/java/Test41/reflect01/classinfo.properties");
12 //创建属性类对象
13 Properties pro=new Properties();
14 pro.load(reader);
15 //关闭流
16 reader.close();
17 //通过key获取value
18 String className=pro.getProperty("className");
19 System.out.println(className);
20 //通过反射机制实例化对象
21 Class c=Class.forName(className);
22 Object obj=c.newInstance();
23 System.out.println(obj);
24 }
25 }
查看执行结果:
com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01.User
调用了User类的无参构造方法
com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01.User@1b6d3586
修改配置文件后再次调用查看结果
className=java.util.Date
java.util.Date
Mon Apr 05 17:21:25 CST 2021
2、以流的形式直接返回
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
2
3 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
4 import java.io.FileReader;
5 import java.io.IOException;
6 import java.util.Properties;
7
8 public class ReflectTest06 {
9 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
10 String path=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("com/bk/java/Test41/reflect01/classinfo.properties").getPath();
11 FileReader reader=new FileReader(path);
12 Properties pro=new Properties();
13 pro.load(reader);
14 reader.close();
15 //通过key获取value
16 String className=pro.getProperty("className");
17 System.out.println(className);
18 }
19 }
查看返回结果:返回结果同上
java.util.Date
改进代码如下:
package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ReflectTest07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InputStream in=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("com/bk/java/Test41/reflect01/classinfo.properties");
Properties pro=new Properties();
pro.load(in);
in.close();
//通过key获取value
String className=pro.getProperty("className");
System.out.println(className);
}
}
3、使用资源绑定器:
package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect01;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class ResourceBundleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ResourceBundle bundle=ResourceBundle.getBundle("com/bk/java/Test41/reflect01/classinfo");
String className=bundle.getString("className");
System.out.println(className);
}
}
查看运行结果:
java.util.Date
创建一个Student类
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect02;
2
3 public class Student {
4 public int no;
5 private String name;
6 protected int age;
7 boolean sex;
8
9 public Student() {
10 }
11
12 public int getNo() {
13 return no;
14 }
15
16 public void setNo(int no) {
17 this.no = no;
18 }
19
20 public String getName() {
21 return name;
22 }
23
24 public void setName(String name) {
25 this.name = name;
26 }
27
28 public int getAge() {
29 return age;
30 }
31
32 public void setAge(int age) {
33 this.age = age;
34 }
35
36 public boolean isSex() {
37 return sex;
38 }
39
40 public void setSex(boolean sex) {
41 this.sex = sex;
42 }
43 }
通过反射机制访问对象属性
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect02;
2
3 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
4
5 public class ReflectTest01 {
6 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchFieldException {
7 Class studentClass=Class.forName("com.bk.java.Test41.reflect02.Student");
8 Object obj=studentClass.newInstance();
9 //获取no属性通过属性name
10 Field noField=studentClass.getDeclaredField("no");
11 //给obj对象的no属性赋值
12 noField.set(obj,11111);
13 //读取属性的值
14 System.out.println(noField.get(obj));
15 }
16 }
查看输出结果
11111
原始方法:
package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect03;
public class ReflectTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//原始方法调用UserSevice.login方法
UserService userService=new UserService();
boolean loginSuccess=userService.login("admin","123");
System.out.println(loginSuccess?"登录成功":"登录失败");
}
}
通过反射机制调用:
1 package com.bk.java.Test41.reflect03;
2
3 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
4 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
5
6 public class ReflectTest {
7 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
8 // //原始方法调用UserSevice.login方法
9 // UserService userService=new UserService();
10 // boolean loginSuccess=userService.login("admin","123");
11 // System.out.println(loginSuccess?"登录成功":"登录失败");
12 Class userServiceClass =Class.forName("com.bk.java.Test41.reflect03.UserService");
13 //创建实例对象
14 Object obj=userServiceClass.newInstance();
15 //获取Method
16 Method loginMethod=userServiceClass.getDeclaredMethod("login", String.class, String.class);
17 //调用方法
18 Object retvalue=loginMethod.invoke(obj,"admin","123");
19 System.out.println(retvalue);
20 }
21 }
查看运行结果:
true