1.1用户行为分析的重要性

  用户行为分析的重要性,我想做个网站的人都会用很清晰的认识,本来我想谈谈自己想法,但感觉自己毕竟还是做技术的,很难清晰的从商业价值的角度来分析它的重要性,因此放弃了想阐述自己意见的想法。当我第一次见到百度统计,和谷歌分析网站,就有那种惊鸿一瞥的激动,很想自己也能写出一套这样的网站,这也是我持续研究用户行为分析的初衷。

  我估计还是有很多童鞋对“用户行为分析”的概念比较陌生,这里将百度百科里的解释在这里贴出来,抛砖引玉,希望能有更多的志同道合者跟我一起研究这个主题,百度百科的地址如下:

  http://baike.baidu.com/view/2330219.htm

  好了,废话不多说了,马上就进入正题。

1.2     设计优秀的数据采集系统

  对于大型网站而言,网站响应速度是网站是否优秀一个重要衡量标准,下面我引用一些权威机构的统计数据来说明网站响应速度的重要性:

  用户行为分析的前提就是能准确的采集到用户的相关数据,这就需要我们在网站页面里添加采集数据的代码,如果我们的采集代码写的不好,一定会对网站的性能产生一定的影响,更有甚者还会影响到网站的稳定性。因此设计一套性能卓越,安全性好,耦合度很低的日志采集程序是非常重要的。

  这里我提供一套采集数据方案,方案详情如下:

  我是做java的程序员,经常使用到的web应用服务器是tomact,jboss,weblogic等等,我这里为什么不使用这些我非常熟悉的web应用服务器,而去选择功能相对单一的apache或者是nginx呢?理由非常简单,因为apache和nginx速度更快,更加轻量级,这个经验来源于我做网站的经验,大型网站的服务端设计是很复杂的,但基本都有一个共同的原则:当用户一个请求提交到了服务端,服务端会先判断这个请求,如果请求的是一些对静态资源的访问(比如图片,不会变化的文字等),请求会直接提交到响应的静态资源服务器集群,这样速度会更快,而这些静态资源服务器基本都是apache或者是像nginx这样的轻量级web服务器集群。

1.3    采集系统之服务端

  本地开发,我就不去搭建集群了,有兴趣的童鞋可以在网上查查相关的资料。本地开发我就搭建一个apache服务器。

  服务器的开发非常简单,只要修改下apache下的conf文件(注意:我的开发平台是window7),代码如下:

<IfModule log_config_module>
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>   

在htdocs文件夹里添加如下文件:

1)         a.gif。(1*1像素的透明文件)

2)         click.html。(用于记录点击日志)

3)         error.html。(记录错误信息日志)

启动apache服务器,我们在浏览器录入如下地址:

http://127.0.0.1/a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test

在logs文件夹里找到2012_06_26.access.log文件,打开文件,我们会看到如下日志:

127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:11:37:07 +0800] [2012-06-26 11:37:07] "GET /a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test HTTP/1.1" [?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test] [/a.gif] 200 43

访问请求被完整的记录下来了。

1.4     采集系统之客户端

  采集系统的核心还是客户端的采集脚本,这里我会贴出完整的采集脚本以及测试页面,代码的详细解析我会在以后的博客里进行阐述。

  我的采集脚本可以记录用户访问的日志,还能记录用户的点击日志,不过点击日志一般包含业务含义需要用户根据自己的需求去定义。代码如下:

up_beacon.js:

View Code

(function(window,document,undefined){
    // upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
    if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
        return;
    }
    var upBeaconUtil ={//日志记录工具类
        jsName:\'up_beacon.js\',//程序名称
        defaultVer:20120607,//版本日期
        getVersion:function(){//获取版本号
            var e = this.jsName;
            var a = new RegExp(e + "(\\?(.*))?$");
            var d = document.getElementsByTagName("script");
            for (var i = 0;i < d.length;i++){
                var b = d[i];
                if (b.src && b.src.match(a)){
                    var z = b.src.match(a)[2];
                    if (z && (/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/).test(z)){
                         return z;
                    }
                }
            }
            return this.defaultVer;
        },
        setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){//设置cookie信息
            var currDate = new Date(),
                sExpires = typeof oExpires == \'undefined\'?\'\':\';expires=\' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
            document.cookie = sName + \'=\' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?\'\':(\' ;path=\' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?\'\':(\' ;domain=\' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?\' ; secure\':\'\');
        },
        getCookie:function(sName){//获取cookie信息
            var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
            return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):\'-\';
        },
        getRand:function(){// 生产页面的唯一标示
            var currDate = new Date();
            var randId = currDate.getTime() + \'-\';    
            for (var i = 0;i < 32;i++)
            {
                randId += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);    
            }
            return randId;
        },
        parseError:function(obj){
            var retVal = \'\';
            for (var key in obj){
                retVal += key + \'=\' + obj[key] + \';\';    
            }
            return retVal;
        },
        getParam:function(obj,flag){// 参数转化方法
            var retVal = null;
            if (obj){
                if (upBeaconUtil.isString(obj) || upBeaconUtil.isNumber(obj)){
                    retVal = obj;    
                }else{
                    if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(obj)){
                        var tmpStr = \'\';
                        for (var key in obj){
                            if (obj[key] != null && obj[key] != undefined){
                                var tmpObj = obj[key];
                                if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(tmpObj)){
                                    tmpObj = tmpObj.join(\',\');    
                                }else{
                                    if (upBeaconUtil.isDate(tmpObj)){
                                        tmpObj = tmpObj.getTime();    
                                    }
                                }
                                tmpStr += key + \'=\' + tmpObj + \'&\';
                            }
                        }
                        tmpStr = tmpStr.substring(0,tmpStr.length - 1);
                        retVal = tmpStr;
                    }else{
                        if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(obj)){
                            if (upBeaconUtil.length & upBeaconUtil.length > 0){
                                retVal = obj.join(\',\');
                            }
                        }else{
                            retVal = obj.toString();    
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if (!retVal){
                retVal = \'-\';    
            }
            
            if (flag){
                retVal = encodeURIComponent(retVal);
                retVal = this.base64encode(retVal);
            }
            return retVal;
        },
        base64encode: function(G) {//base64加密
            var A = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
            var C, E, z;
            var F, D, B;
            z = G.length;
            E = 0;
            C = "";
            while (E < z) {
                F = G.charCodeAt(E++) & 255;
                if (E == z) {
                    C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                    C += A.charAt((F & 3) << 4);
                    C += "==";
                    break
                }
                D = G.charCodeAt(E++);
                if (E == z) {
                    C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                    C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
                    C += A.charAt((D & 15) << 2);
                    C += "=";
                    break
                }
                B = G.charCodeAt(E++);
                C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
                C += A.charAt(((D & 15) << 2) | ((B & 192) >> 6));
                C += A.charAt(B & 63)
            }
            return C
        },
        getDomain:function(){//获取网站的域名
            return document.URL.substring(document.URL.indexOf("://") + 3,document.URL.lastIndexOf("\/"));
        },
        isString:function(obj){// 判断是不是String类型
            return (obj != null) && (obj != undefined) && (typeof obj == \'string\') && (obj.constructor == String);    
        },
        isNumber:function(obj){// 判断是否是数组
            return (typeof obj == \'number\') && (obj.constructor == Number);    
        },
        isDate:function(obj){// 判断是否是日期
            return obj && (typeof obj == \'object\') && (obj.constructor == Date);
        },
        isArray:function(obj){//判断是否是数组
            return obj && (typeof obj == \'object\') && (obj.constructor == Array);    
        },
        isObject:function(obj){//判断是否是对象
            return obj && (typeof obj == \'object\') && (obj.constructor == Object)    
        },
        trim:function(str){// 去除左右两边空格
            return str.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/, "");;
        }
    },
    beacon_vist_num = isNaN(beacon_vist_num = +upBeaconUtil.getCookie(\'up_beacon_vist_count\')) ? 1:beacon_vist_num + 1;// 从cookie里获取访问次数
    upBeaconUtil.setCookie(\'up_beacon_vist_count\',beacon_vist_num);//记录新的访问次数
    var setUpBeaconId = function(){
        var sUpBeaconId = upBeaconUtil.trim(upBeaconUtil.getCookie(\'up_beacon_id\'));
        if (sUpBeaconId == undefined || sUpBeaconId == null || sUpBeaconId == \'\' || sUpBeaconId == \'-\'){
            upBeaconUtil.setCookie(\'up_beacon_id\',(upBeaconUtil.getDomain() + \'.\' + (new Date()).getTime()));
        }        
    }(),
    beaconMethod = {
        uvId:\'up_beacon_id\',// 
        memId:\'up_dw_track\'    ,
        beaconUrl:\'127.0.0.1/a.gif\',//记录访问日志的url
        errorUrl:\'127.0.0.1/error.html\',//记录错误日志的url
        clickUrl:\'127.0.0.1/click.html\',//记录click日志的url 
        pageId:typeof _beacon_pageid != \'undefined\'?_beacon_pageid:(_beacon_pageid = upBeaconUtil.getRand()),//生产pageId(页面唯一标示)
        protocol:function(){//请求的协议例如http://
            var reqHeader = location.protocol;
            if (\'file:\' === reqHeader){
                reqHeader = \'http:\';    
            }
            return reqHeader + \'//\';
        },
        tracking:function(){// 记录访问日志的方法(对外)
            this.beaconLog();
        },
        getRefer:function(){// 获取上游页面信息
            var reqRefer = document.referrer;
            reqRefer == location.href && (reqRefer = \'\');
            try{
                reqRefer = \'\' == reqRefer ? opener.location:reqRefer;
                reqRefer = \'\' == reqRefer ? \'-\':reqRefer;
            }catch(e){
                reqRefer = \'-\';
            }
            return reqRefer;
        },
        beaconLog:function(){// 记录访问日志方法
            try{
                var httpHeadInd = document.URL.indexOf(\'://\'),
                    httpUrlContent = \'{\' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(document.URL.substring(httpHeadInd + 2)) + \'}\',
                    hisPageUrl = \'{\' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(this.getRefer()) + \'}\',
                    ptId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.memId),
                    cId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.uvId),
                    btsVal = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(\'b_t_s\'),
                    beanconMObj = {};
                var btsFlag = btsVal == \'-\' || btsVal.indexOf(\'s\') == -1;
                if (ptId != \'-\'){
                    beanconMObj.memId = ptId;    
                }
                if (btsFlag){
                    beanconMObj.subIsNew = 1;
                    upBeaconUtil.setCookie(\'b_t_s\',btsVal == \'-\' ? \'s\' : (btsVal + \'s\'),10000,\'/\');
                }else{
                    beanconMObj.subIsNew = 0;    
                }
                var logParams = \'{\' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(beanconMObj) + \'}\',
                    logPageId = this.pageId,
                    logTitle = document.title;
                if (logTitle.length > 25){
                    logTitle = logTitle.substring(0,25);
                }
                logTitle = encodeURIComponent(logTitle);
                var logCharset = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf(\'MSIE\') != -1) ? document.charset : document.characterSet,
                    logQuery = \'{\' + upBeaconUtil.getParam({
                        pageId:logPageId,
                        title:logTitle,
                        charset:logCharset,
                        sr:(window.screen.width + \'*\' + window.screen.height)
                    }) + \'}\';
                var sparam = {
                    logUrl:httpUrlContent,
                    logHisRefer:hisPageUrl,
                    logParams:logParams,
                    logQuery:logQuery
                };
                this.sendRequest(this.beaconUrl,sparam);
            }catch(ex){
                this.sendError(ex);    
            }
        },
        clickLog:function(sparam){// 记录点击日志
            try{
                // 获得pageId
                var clickPageId = this.pageId;
                if (!clickPageId){// 当pageId值为空,重新计算pageId
                    this.pageId = upBeaconUtil.getRand();
                    clickPageId    = this.pageId;
                }
                var clickAuthId = this.authId;//authId是针对某个网站的唯一标示
                if (!clickAuthId){
                    clickAuthId = \'-\';    
                }
                if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(sparam)){// 当传入参数是javascript对象
                    sparam.pageId = clickPageId;
                    sparam.authId = clickAuthId;    
                }else{
                    if (upBeaconUtil.isString(sparam) && sparam.indexOf(\'=\') > 0){// 当传入参数是字符串
                        sparam += \'&pageId=\' + clickPageId + "&authId=" + clickAuthId;
                    }else{
                        if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(sparam)){// 当传入参数是数组
                            sparam.push("pageId=" + clickPageId);
                            sparam.push("authId=" + clickAuthId);
                            sparam = sparam.join(\'&\');//数组转化为字符串
                        }else{// 其他数据类型
                            sparam = {pageId:clickPageId,authId:clickAuthId};    
                        }
                    }
                }
                this.sendRequest(this.clickUrl, sparam);// 发送点击日志
            }catch(ex){
                this.sendError(ex);        
            }
        },
        sendRequest:function(url,params){// 日志发送方法
            var urlParam = \'\',currDate = new Date();
            try{
                if (params){
                    urlParam = upBeaconUtil.getParam(params,false);
                    urlParam = (urlParam == \'\')?urlParam:(urlParam + \'&\');
                }
                var tmpUrlParam = \'ver=\' + upBeaconUtil.getVersion() + \'&time=\' + currDate.getTime();
                url = this.protocol() + url + \'?\' + urlParam + tmpUrlParam;
                
                var logImage = new Image();
                logImage.onload = function(){
                    logImage = null;    
                }
                logImage.src = url;
            }catch(e){
                this.sendError(e);
            }
        },
        sendError:function(ex){// 发送错误日志
            var errURIParams = upBeaconUtil.parseError(ex),
                errURL = this.errorUrl + \'?type=send&exception=\' + encodeURIComponent(errURIParams.toString()),
                errImage = new Image();
            errImage.onload = function(){
                errImage = null;    
            };
            errImage.src = this.protocol() + errURL;
        }
    };
    beaconMethod.tracking();
    window.upLogger = beaconMethod;//构建window的upLogger对象
})(window,document);

 

install_up_beacon.js文件,这个文件对外提供:

(function(window,document,undefined){
    /*安装采集脚本的js程序*/
    // upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
    if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
        return;
    }
    var cookieUtil = {//cookie操作工具类
        setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){
            var currDate = new Date(),
                sExpires = typeof oExpires == \'undefined\'?\'\':\';expires=\' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
            document.cookie = sName + \'=\' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?\'\':(\' ;path=\' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?\'\':(\' ;domain=\' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?\' ; secure\':\'\');
        },
        getCookie:function(sName){
            var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
            return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):\'-\';
        }        
    };
    var btsVal = cookieUtil.getCookie(\'b_t_s\'),//b_t_s的cookie作用1.标识该页面是否已经安装了采集脚本;2.记录采集脚本的有效期
        startTime = 0,
        intervalTime = 3 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
        currIntervalTime = new Date().getTime() - 1200000000000,
        domainHead = (document.URL.substring(0,document.URL.indexOf(\'://\'))) + \'://\';
    if (btsVal != \'-\' && btsVal.indexOf(\'t\') != -1){
        var getBtsTime = btsVal.substring(btsVal.indexOf(\'t\') + 1,btsVal.indexOf(\'x\'));
            getCurrInterVal = currIntervalTime - getBtsTime;
        if (getCurrInterVal > intervalTime){
            startTime = currIntervalTime;
            cookieUtil.setCookie(\'b_t_s\',btsVal.replace(\'t\' + getBtsTime + \'x\', \'t\' + currIntervalTime + \'x\'), 10000, \'/\');
        }else{
            startTime = getBtsTime;
        }
    }else{
        if (btsVal == \'-\'){
            cookieUtil.setCookie(\'b_t_s\',\'t\' + currIntervalTime + \'x\', 10000, \'/\');    
        }else{
            cookieUtil.setCookie(\'b_t_s\',btsVal + \'t\' + currIntervalTime + \'x\', 10000, \'/\');        
        }
        startTime = currIntervalTime;
    }
    document.write(\'<script src="\' + domainHead + \'127.0.0.1/up_beacon.js?\' + startTime + \'"><\/script>\');//安装采集脚本
})(window,document);

下面是测试页面;

第一个测试页面:testbeacon.html,代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>beacon test page</title>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="install_up_beacon.js"></script>
<body>
<h1>日志测试</h1>
<input type="button" value="Click Button" id="clickBtn" name="clickBtn" onclick="clickLog(\'testClickBtn\',\'MyTest\')"/>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 用户行为统计代码
function recordStaticLogerr(authId,type,msg){
    if (window.upLogger){
        upLogger.authId = authId;
        upLogger.clickLog(\'type=\' + type + \'&clickTarget=\' + msg);    
    }
}

// 记录click日志的方法
function clickLog(clog_msg,clog_type){
    var clog_authId    = \'sharpxiajun\';
    recordStaticLogerr(clog_authId,clog_type,clog_msg);    
}
</script>

第二个测试页面:parent.html,代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>parent html</title>
</head>

<body>
<a href="testbeacon.html" target="_self">child.html</a>
</body>
</html>

1.5     测试结果

测试地址:

http://localhost/testbeacon.html

http://localhost/parent.html

我们查看cookies信息,如下图:

日志信息如下:

127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:52 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:52] "GET /parent.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/parent.html] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /testbeacon.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/testbeacon.html] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /install_up_beacon.js HTTP/1.1" [] [/install_up_beacon.js] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /up_beacon.js?140675524644 HTTP/1.1" [?140675524644] [/up_beacon.js] 304 -
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /a.gif?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791 HTTP/1.1" [?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791] [/a.gif] 200 43
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:02:01 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:02:01] "GET /click.html?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252 HTTP/1.1" [?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252] [/click.html] 200 310

大家看到了吧,请求都被记录下来,下面我们只要好好分析这些日志文件的信息就行了。

 

 pdf下载地址:

https://files.cnblogs.com/sharpxiajun/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%87%87%E9%9B%86.pdf

 

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