把 python 文件打包成独立 exe 可执行文件
使用
> pyinstaller -F AATT.py
其中，-F 表示打包成单独的 .exe 文件，这时生成的 .exe 文件会比较大，而且运行速度回较慢。仅仅一个 helloworld 程序，生成的文件就 5MB 大。
另外，使用 -i 还可以指定可执行文件的图标；-w 表示去掉控制台窗口，这在 GUI 界面时非常有用。不过如果是命令行程序的话那就把这个选项删除吧！
PyInstaller 会对脚本进行解析，并做出如下动作：
1、在脚本目录生成 helloworld.spec 文件；
2、创建一个 build 目录；
3、写入一些日志文件和中间流程文件到 build 目录；
4、创建 dist 目录；
5、生成可执行文件到 dist 目录；
执行流程：
D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT>pyinstaller -F AATT.py 66 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4 66 INFO: Python: 3.6.6 69 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.15063-SP0 75 INFO: wrote D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\AATT.spec 76 INFO: UPX is not available. 77 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths [\'D:\\WorkSpace3\\EXAMPLE\', \'D:\\WorkSpace3\\EXAMPLE\\AATT\'] 78 INFO: checking Analysis 139 INFO: Building because D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\MatplotlibWidget.py changed 140 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 146 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks... 162 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 7629 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 7645 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by c:\program files\python36\python3.exe 8745 INFO: Caching module hooks... 8751 INFO: Analyzing D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\AATT.py 8810 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 13023 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site 13040 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir \'c:\\program files\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstal ler\\fake-modules\' 15677 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves 22523 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves 29522 INFO: Loading module hooks... 29523 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 29537 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 29786 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"... 29797 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.backends.py"... 36605 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Agg": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 37617 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Cairo": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 40003 INFO: Matplotlib backend "MacOSX": ignored cannot import name \'_macosx\' 40713 INFO: Matplotlib backend "nbAgg": ignored No module named \'IPython\' 41389 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Agg": added 41760 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Cairo": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 42306 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Agg": added 42702 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Cairo": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 43278 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkAgg": added 43855 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkCairo": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 44808 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WebAgg": ignored Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 12, in <module> File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_webagg.py", line 31, in <module> import tornado.web File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\tornado\web.py", line 85, in <module> from tornado.concurrent import Future, future_set_result_unless_cancelled File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\tornado\concurrent.py", line 43, in <module> from concurrent import futures File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\concurrent\futures\__init__.py", line 8, in <mod ule> from concurrent.futures._base import (FIRST_COMPLETED, File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 381 raise exception_type, self._exception, self._traceback ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax 45306 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WX": ignored No module named \'wx\' 45785 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXAgg": ignored No module named \'wx\' 46148 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXCairo": ignored No module named \'wx\' 46560 INFO: Matplotlib backend "agg": added 46908 INFO: Matplotlib backend "cairo": ignored cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed 47469 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pdf": added 48029 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pgf": added 48425 INFO: Matplotlib backend "ps": added 48811 INFO: Matplotlib backend "svg": added 49281 INFO: Matplotlib backend "template": added 49994 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.py"... 50413 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"... 50506 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"... 50511 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"... 51196 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"... 51202 INFO: Excluding import \'PyQt4\' 51204 INFO: Removing import of PyQt4 from module PIL.ImageQt 51206 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: \'FixTk\' 51206 INFO: Excluding import \'tkinter\' 51208 INFO: Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 51209 INFO: Excluding import \'PySide\' 51211 INFO: Removing import of PySide from module PIL.ImageQt 51212 INFO: Excluding import \'PyQt5\' 51215 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtGui from module PIL.ImageQt 51215 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtCore from module PIL.ImageQt 51216 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"... 51224 INFO: Excluding import \'tkinter\' 51226 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: \'FixTk\' 51226 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"... 52083 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 2, in <module> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named \'win32com\' 52226 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 2, in <module> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named \'win32com\' 52369 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 52374 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 52552 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 52669 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 52917 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 53373 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"... 54655 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 54687 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"... 54697 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 54706 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"... 55076 INFO: checking Tree 55226 INFO: checking Tree 55406 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 55446 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 55454 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py\' 55476 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth__tkinter.py\' 55492 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth_pkgres.py\' 55497 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth_qt5.py\' 55505 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth_mplconfig.py\' 55511 INFO: Including run-time hook \'pyi_rth_mpldata.py\' 55534 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 70686 INFO: Looking for eggs 70686 INFO: Using Python library c:\program files\python36\python36.dll 70686 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 70724 INFO: Warnings written to D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\build\AATT\warn-AATT.txt 70896 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\build\AATT\xref-AATT.html 71040 INFO: checking PYZ 71090 INFO: Building because toc changed 71091 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\build\AATT\PYZ-00.pyz 73071 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\build\AATT\PYZ-00.pyz completed su ccessfully. 73109 INFO: checking PKG 73149 INFO: Building because toc changed 73149 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 74290 WARNING: One binary added with two internal names. 74291 WARNING: (\'libGLESv2.dll\', \'C:\\program \' \'files\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\PyQt5\\Qt\\bin\\libGLESv2.dll\', \'BINARY\') 74291 WARNING: was placed previously at 74292 WARNING: (\'PyQt5\\Qt\\bin\\libGLESv2.dll\', \'C:\\program \' \'files\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\PyQt5\\Qt\\bin\\libGLESv2.dll\', \'BINARY\') 108230 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 108293 INFO: Bootloader c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-6 4bit\run.exe 108293 INFO: checking EXE 108327 INFO: Rebuilding EXE-00.toc because AATT.exe missing 108328 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 108329 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\WorkSpace3\EXAMPLE\AATT\dist\AATT.exe 110075 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
注意事项
1、直接运行最终的 .exe 程序，可能会出现一闪而过的情况，这种情况下要么是程序运行结束（比如直接打印的 helloWorld），要么程序出现错误退出了。
这种情况下，建议在命令行 cmd 下运行 .exe 文件，这时就会有文本输出到窗口；
2、-i 是改变图标的，但是我发现是有些 bug 的，客官请看：
放大过程中，图标才变成了我们设置的图标。
3、写代码的时候应当有个良好的习惯，用什么函数导什么函数，不要上来 import 整个库，最后你会发现你一个 100KB 的代码打包出来有 500MB；
4、当你的代码需要调用一些图片和资源文件的，这是不会自动导入的，需要你自己手动复制进去才行。不然 exe 文件运行时命令窗口会报错找不到这个文件。
导入方法：
假设程序中需要引入一个 test.txt 文件，首先我们运行：
pyi-makespec -F helloworld.py此时会生成一个 .spec 文件，这个文件会告诉 pyinstaller 如何处理你的脚本，pyinstaller 创建一个 exe 的文件就是依靠它里面的内容进行执行的。
正常情况下你不需要去修改这个 spec 文件，除非你需要打包一个 dll 或者 so 文件或者其他数据文件。
那么我们就需要修改这个 spec 文件：
a = Analysis([\'helloworld.py\'],
pathex=[\'/home/test\'],
binaries=[],
datas=[], ### <------- 改修改为：
a = Analysis([\'helloworld.py\'],
pathex=[\'/home/test\'],
binaries=[],
datas=[(\'test.txt\',\'.\')], ## <---- 修改此处添加外部文件然后在生成 exe 文件：
pyinstaller helloworld.spec然后生成的文件就可以正常引入外部文件了。
转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/hoxis/p/9699151.html
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