set为什么翻译成集合,这个词据说是从日本传过来的。

set特点:1.不同的元素组成。

2.无序

3.集合中的元素是不可变类型。.(int,str,tuple)

s= {11,"22",44,11}
print(s)

11虽然设置了两次,输入结果只有1个11;第一个输出是“22”,而不是11,说明是无序的。

 

1.set(iterable)直接将括号内容(可迭代)转为集合

s1=set({"123":2})
s2=set("hello")
print(s1,s2)

2.clear

s={1,2,"a"}
s.clear()
print(s)

3.copy

4.pop-随机删除一个元素

 remove(value)删除指定元素,元素不存在报错

 discard(value)直译为丢弃,元素不存在不会报错,do nothing

s={1,2,"a"}
s.discard("b")
print(s)

5.为什么有集合,比如

python_l=["lcg","szw","zjw"]
linux_l=["lcg","szw","sb"]

求两个list共有元素,得用for循环来遍历,比较麻烦

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
python_l_and_linux_l = []
for i in python_l:
    if i in linux_l:
        python_l_and_linux_l.append(i)
print(python_l_and_linux_l)

而用集合就很简单。求交集即可,用intersection/&

inter这个前缀的意思是,相互,互动,intersection直译就是互相选择,即交集

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.intersection(li_s))

&效果一样

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s&li_s)

 

6.并集union/|

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.union(li_s))

| 效果一样

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s|li_s)

7差集,A-B共同部分元素,A剩下的元素
difference,原集合不会更新

difference——update原集合会更新

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.difference(li_s))
print(py_s)
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
py_s.difference_update(li_s)
print(py_s)

 

直接用减号,效果一样

 

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s-li_s)

8交叉补集(下图A+C)symmetric_difference。或用^

 

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.symmetric_difference(li_s))

9.isdisjoint:joint单词的意思是“共有的”,加上前缀就是“是否没有共有部分”,没有共有部分返回True

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.isdisjoint(li_s))

10.issubset:sub前缀的意思是“分支,亚种”,subset就是分支集合,就是子集的意思。判断是否是子集。

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.issubset(li_s))

11.issuperset:是否是父集

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw","sb"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
print(py_s.issuperset(li_s))

12.update(iterable)-更新集合,而add一次只能添加一个元素

python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"]
linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"]
py_s=set(python_l)
li_s=set(linux_l)
py_s.update(li_s)
print(py_s)

13.frozenset-不可修改的set

 

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