java短信验证码实现
Java实现开发短信验证码的完整教程
开发人员在开发网站注册、登录时经常需要用到短信验证码功能,下面小编就来详细介绍一下如何集成这个功能。
下面以使用榛子云短信为例:
1. 首先注册一个榛子云账号,注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
2. 注册完毕后从个人登录入口进入,地址:http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/login.html
3. 进入”应用管理”,默认会自动创建一个应用,获取AppId和AppSecret,这两个参数是用于开发的。
4. 下载SDK,我用的java开发,所以,下面的例子也以java为例,http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/sdk.html
你可以直接下载jar包导入项目中,也可以使用maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zhenzikj</groupId>
<artifactId>zhenzisms</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
5. 参考开发文档发送短信http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/java_sdk_doc.html
AppId、AppSecret就是我们刚才从应用管理中获取的,apiUrl参数,由于我是个人账号,固定使用https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com
注: 通过自己注册的都是个人账号,企业账号需要单独联系客服申请
使用很简单,初始化一个ZhenziSmsClient对象,然后调用send()方法发送短信
6. 一个完整的例子
一个完整的java发送短信验证码的完整实例,这是一个官方的使用demo,带有60秒倒计时功能。
效果:
源码
短信验证码实现流程
1、构造手机验证码,生成一个6位的随机数字串;
2、使用接口向短信平台发送手机号和验证码,然后短信平台再把验证码发送到制定手机号上
3、将手机号验证码、操作时间存入Session中,作为后面验证使用;
4、接收用户填写的验证码、手机号及其他注册数据;
5、对比提交的验证码与Session中的验证码是否一致,同时判断提交动作是否在有效期内;
6、验证码正确且在有效期内,请求通过,处理相应的业务。
我是java开发者,后端使用了springMvc,前端用的是jsp + jquery
html
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding= "UTF-8" %>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path;
%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv= "Content-Type" content= "text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
<title>验证码使用演示</title> <link href= "<%=basePath%>/css/register.css" rel= "stylesheet" >
<script src= "<%=basePath%>/js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js" type= "text/javascript" ></script>
<script src= "<%=basePath%>/js/register.js" type= "text/javascript" ></script>
<script> function getBasePath(){
return \'<%=basePath%>\' ;
}
</script> </head> <body> <form>
<div class = "row" >
<label>账号: </label><input name= "userId" >
</div>
<div class = "row" >
<label>密码:</label><input name= "password" >
</div>
<div class = "row" >
<label>手机号:</label><input name= "mobile" >
</div>
<div class = "row" >
<label>验证码:</label>
<input name= "verifyCode" >
<button type= "button" class = "sendVerifyCode" >获取短信验证码</button>
</div>
<div><button type= "button" class = "sub-btn" >提交</button></div>
</form>
</body> </html> |
js
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$( function (){
//短信验证码倒计时
var countdownHandler = function (){
var $button = $( ".sendVerifyCode" );
var number = 60;
var countdown = function (){
if (number == 0) {
$button.attr( "disabled" , false );
$button.html( "发送验证码" );
number = 60;
return ;
} else {
$button.attr( "disabled" , true );
$button.html(number + "秒 重新发送" );
number--;
}
setTimeout(countdown,1000);
}
setTimeout(countdown,1000);
}
//发送短信验证码
$( ".sendVerifyCode" ).on( "click" , function (){
var $mobile = $( "input[name=mobile]" );
var data = {};
data.mobile = $.trim($mobile.val());
if (data.mobile == \'\' ){
alert( \'请输入手机号码\' );
return ;
}
var reg = /^1\d{10}$/;
if (!reg.test(data.mobile)){
alert( \'请输入合法的手机号码\' );
return ;
}
$.ajax({
url: getBasePath()+ "/sendSms" ,
async : true ,
type: "post" ,
dataType: "text" ,
data: data,
success: function (data) {
if (data == \'success\' ){
countdownHandler();
return ;
}
alert(data);
}
});
})
//提交
$( ".sub-btn" ).on( "click" , function (){
var data = {};
data.userId = $.trim($( "input[name=userId]" ).val());
data.password = $.trim($( "input[name=password]" ).val());
data.mobile = $.trim($( "input[name=mobile]" ).val());
data.verifyCode = $.trim($( "input[name=verifyCode]" ).val());
if (data.userId == \'\' ){
alert( "请输入账号" );
return ;
}
if (data.password == \'\' ){
alert( "请输入密码" );
return ;
}
if (data.mobile == \'\' ){
alert( "请输入手机号" );
return ;
}
if (data.verifyCode == \'\' ){
alert( "请输入验证码" );
return ;
}
$.ajax({
url: getBasePath()+ "/register" ,
async : true ,
type: "post" ,
dataType: "text" ,
data: data,
success: function (data) {
if (data == \'success\' ){
alert( "注册成功" );
return ;
}
alert(data);
}
});
})
}); |
这里省略了所有非空、手机号格式验证
流程:
1)填写手机号
2)获取手机号码,调用sendSms.html接口向手机发送短信验证码
3)用户手机接收到验证码后,将其填写到”验证码”文本框中
后端代码
发送短信验证码
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package com.zhenzi.sms;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
/** * 获取验证码
*/
public class SendSmsServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//短信平台相关参数
private String apiUrl = "https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com" ;
private String appId = "000000" ;
private String appSecret = "c384b67bdsserev3343cdda4de5c8" ;
public SendSmsServlet() {
super ();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
/**
* 短信平台使用的是榛子云短信(smsow.zhenzikj.com)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String mobile = request.getParameter( "mobile" );
JSONObject json = null ;
//生成6位验证码
String verifyCode = String.valueOf( new Random().nextInt( 899999 ) + 100000 );
//发送短信
ZhenziSmsClient client = new ZhenziSmsClient(apiUrl, appId, appSecret);
String result = "{code:0}" ; //client.send(mobile, "您的验证码为:" + verifyCode + ",该码有效期为5分钟,该码只能使用一次!");
json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
if (json.getIntValue( "code" ) != 0 ){ //发送短信失败
renderData(response, "fail" );
return ;
}
//将验证码存到session中,同时存入创建时间
//以json存放,这里使用的是阿里的fastjson
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
json = new JSONObject();
json.put( "mobile" , mobile);
json.put( "verifyCode" , verifyCode);
json.put( "createTime" , System.currentTimeMillis());
// 将认证码存入SESSION
request.getSession().setAttribute( "verifyCode" , json);
renderData(response, "success" );
return ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
renderData(response, "fail" );
}
protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
try {
response.setContentType( "text/plain;charset=UTF-8" );
response.getWriter().write(data);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} |
json工具使用的是阿里的fastjson
appId和appSecret换成你自己的,注册之后可获得
注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
提交注册
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package com.zhenzi.sms;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
/** * 注册
*/
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public RegisterServlet() {
super ();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String userId = request.getParameter( "userId" );
String password = request.getParameter( "password" );
String mobile = request.getParameter( "mobile" );
String verifyCode = request.getParameter( "verifyCode" );
JSONObject json = (JSONObject)request.getSession().getAttribute( "verifyCode" );
if (json == null ){
renderData(response, "验证码错误" );
return ;
}
if (!json.getString( "mobile" ).equals(mobile)){
renderData(response, "手机号错误" );
return ;
}
if (!json.getString( "verifyCode" ).equals(verifyCode)){
renderData(response, "验证码错误" );
return ;
}
if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - json.getLong( "createTime" )) > 1000 * 60 * 5 ){
renderData(response, "验证码已过期" );
return ;
}
//其他业务代码
renderData(response, "success" );
}
protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
try {
response.setContentType( "text/plain;charset=UTF-8" );
response.getWriter().write(data);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} |