Java实现开发短信验证码的完整教程 - laozuo
开发人员在开发网站注册、登录时经常需要用到短信验证码功能,下面小编就来详细介绍一下如何集成这个功能。
下面以使用榛子云短信为例:
1. 首先注册一个榛子云账号,注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
2. 注册完毕后从个人登录入口进入,地址:http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/login.html
3. 进入”应用管理”,默认会自动创建一个应用,获取AppId和AppSecret,这两个参数是用于开发的。
4. 下载SDK,我用的java开发,所以,下面的例子也以java为例,http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/sdk.html
你可以直接下载jar包导入项目中,也可以使用maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zhenzikj</groupId>
<artifactId>zhenzisms</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
5. 参考开发文档发送短信http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/java_sdk_doc.html
AppId、AppSecret就是我们刚才从应用管理中获取的,apiUrl参数,由于我是个人账号,固定使用https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com
注: 通过自己注册的都是个人账号,企业账号需要单独联系客服申请
使用很简单,初始化一个ZhenziSmsClient对象,然后调用send()方法发送短信
6. 一个完整的例子
一个完整的java发送短信验证码的完整实例,这是一个官方的使用demo,带有60秒倒计时功能。
效果:
源码
短信验证码实现流程
1、构造手机验证码,生成一个6位的随机数字串;
2、使用接口向短信平台发送手机号和验证码,然后短信平台再把验证码发送到制定手机号上
3、将手机号验证码、操作时间存入Session中,作为后面验证使用;
4、接收用户填写的验证码、手机号及其他注册数据;
5、对比提交的验证码与Session中的验证码是否一致,同时判断提交动作是否在有效期内;
6、验证码正确且在有效期内,请求通过,处理相应的业务。
我是java开发者,后端使用了springMvc,前端用的是jsp + jquery
html
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path;
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>验证码使用演示</title>
- <link href="<%=basePath%>/css/register.css" rel="stylesheet" >
- <script src="<%=basePath%>/js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
- <script src="<%=basePath%>/js/register.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
- <script>
- function getBasePath(){
- return \'<%=basePath%>\';
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form>
- <div class="row">
- <label>账号: </label><input name="userId">
- </div>
- <div class="row">
- <label>密码:</label><input name="password">
- </div>
- <div class="row">
- <label>手机号:</label><input name="mobile">
- </div>
- <div class="row">
- <label>验证码:</label>
- <input name="verifyCode">
- <button type="button" class="sendVerifyCode">获取短信验证码</button>
- </div>
- <div><button type="button" class="sub-btn">提交</button></div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
js
- $(function(){
- //短信验证码倒计时
- var countdownHandler = function(){
- var $button = $(".sendVerifyCode");
- var number = 60;
- var countdown = function(){
- if (number == 0) {
- $button.attr("disabled",false);
- $button.html("发送验证码");
- number = 60;
- return;
- } else {
- $button.attr("disabled",true);
- $button.html(number + "秒 重新发送");
- number--;
- }
- setTimeout(countdown,1000);
- }
- setTimeout(countdown,1000);
- }
- //发送短信验证码
- $(".sendVerifyCode").on("click", function(){
- var $mobile = $("input[name=mobile]");
- var data = {};
- data.mobile = $.trim($mobile.val());
- if(data.mobile == \'\'){
- alert(\'请输入手机号码\');
- return;
- }
- var reg = /^1\d{10}$/;
- if(!reg.test(data.mobile)){
- alert(\'请输入合法的手机号码\');
- return ;
- }
- $.ajax({
- url: getBasePath()+"/sendSms",
- async : true,
- type: "post",
- dataType: "text",
- data: data,
- success: function (data) {
- if(data == \'success\'){
- countdownHandler();
- return ;
- }
- alert(data);
- }
- });
- })
- //提交
- $(".sub-btn").on("click", function(){
- var data = {};
- data.userId = $.trim($("input[name=userId]").val());
- data.password = $.trim($("input[name=password]").val());
- data.mobile = $.trim($("input[name=mobile]").val());
- data.verifyCode = $.trim($("input[name=verifyCode]").val());
- if(data.userId == \'\'){
- alert("请输入账号");
- return ;
- }
- if(data.password == \'\'){
- alert("请输入密码");
- return ;
- }
- if(data.mobile == \'\'){
- alert("请输入手机号");
- return ;
- }
- if(data.verifyCode == \'\'){
- alert("请输入验证码");
- return ;
- }
- $.ajax({
- url: getBasePath()+"/register",
- async : true,
- type: "post",
- dataType: "text",
- data: data,
- success: function (data) {
- if(data == \'success\'){
- alert("注册成功");
- return ;
- }
- alert(data);
- }
- });
- })
- });
这里省略了所有非空、手机号格式验证
流程:
1)填写手机号
2)获取手机号码,调用sendSms.html接口向手机发送短信验证码
3)用户手机接收到验证码后,将其填写到”验证码”文本框中
后端代码
发送短信验证码
- package com.zhenzi.sms;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Random;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
- /**
- * 获取验证码
- */
- public class SendSmsServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- //短信平台相关参数
- private String apiUrl = "https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com";
- private String appId = "000000";
- private String appSecret = "c384b67bdsserev3343cdda4de5c8";
- public SendSmsServlet() {
- super();
- }
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doPost(request, response);
- }
- /**
- * 短信平台使用的是榛子云短信(smsow.zhenzikj.com)
- */
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- try {
- String mobile = request.getParameter("mobile");
- JSONObject json = null;
- //生成6位验证码
- String verifyCode = String.valueOf(new Random().nextInt(899999) + 100000);
- //发送短信
- ZhenziSmsClient client = new ZhenziSmsClient(apiUrl, appId, appSecret);
- String result = "{code:0}";//client.send(mobile, "您的验证码为:" + verifyCode + ",该码有效期为5分钟,该码只能使用一次!");
- json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
- if(json.getIntValue("code") != 0){//发送短信失败
- renderData(response, "fail");
- return;
- }
- //将验证码存到session中,同时存入创建时间
- //以json存放,这里使用的是阿里的fastjson
- HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- json = new JSONObject();
- json.put("mobile", mobile);
- json.put("verifyCode", verifyCode);
- json.put("createTime", System.currentTimeMillis());
- // 将认证码存入SESSION
- request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", json);
- renderData(response, "success");
- return ;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- renderData(response, "fail");
- }
- protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
- try {
- response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
- response.getWriter().write(data);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
json工具使用的是阿里的fastjson
appId和appSecret换成你自己的,注册之后可获得
注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
提交注册
- package com.zhenzi.sms;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
- /**
- * 注册
- */
- public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- public RegisterServlet() {
- super();
- }
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doPost(request, response);
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String userId = request.getParameter("userId");
- String password = request.getParameter("password");
- String mobile = request.getParameter("mobile");
- String verifyCode = request.getParameter("verifyCode");
- JSONObject json = (JSONObject)request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
- if(json == null){
- renderData(response, "验证码错误");
- return ;
- }
- if(!json.getString("mobile").equals(mobile)){
- renderData(response, "手机号错误");
- return ;
- }
- if(!json.getString("verifyCode").equals(verifyCode)){
- renderData(response, "验证码错误");
- return ;
- }
- if((System.currentTimeMillis() - json.getLong("createTime")) > 1000 * 60 * 5){
- renderData(response, "验证码已过期");
- return ;
- }
- //其他业务代码
- renderData(response, "success");
- }
- protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
- try {
- response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
- response.getWriter().write(data);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
ok,大功告成