iOS工程添加OpenCV配置方法如下
https://blog.csdn.net/verybigbug/article/details/113588991

配置好后,就可以在移动端开发OpenCV了。我用的是Swift语言。

1 简单的图片处理

import opencv2可以直接导入OpenCV,不需要写c或者bridging代码。

大部分方法可以用Imgproc直接调,OpenCV的核心图像类Mat可以与iOS的UIImage和CGImage相互转换。

  1. import opencv2
  2. class MyViewController: UIViewController {
  3. override func viewDidLoad() {
  4. super.viewDidLoad()
  5. let image1 = UIImage(named: "001")!
  6. let iv1 = UIImageView(image: image1)
  7. let iv2 = UIImageView()
  8. iv1.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 200, height: 200)
  9. iv2.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 300, width: 200, height: 200)
  10. view.addSubview(iv1)
  11. view.addSubview(iv2)
  12. let m1 = Mat(uiImage: image1)
  13. Imgproc.cvtColor(src: m1, dst: m1, code: .COLOR_BGRA2GRAY)
  14. iv2.image = m1.toUIImage()
  15. }
  16. }

2 使用相机

使用CvVideoCamera2类,设置帧率、尺寸、方向等参数,开启相机,然后在CvVideoCameraDelegate2 processImage 代理方法中可以获取实时图像。

有几点需要注意:

  • CvVideoCamera2对象要放在类里面,不能放在方法里,否则会被马上回收
  • processImage 方法不是主线程,设置图像需要在主线程
  • 图像是BGR格式的要转成RGB,不然你就会发现你的脸是绿的!
  1. import opencv2
  2. class MyViewController: UIViewController, CvVideoCameraDelegate2 {
  3. var lastTime = 0.0
  4. func processImage(_ image: Mat!) {
  5. Imgproc.cvtColor(src: image, dst: image, code: .COLOR_BGR2RGB)
  6. DispatchQueue.main.async {
  7. self.camView.image = image.toUIImage()
  8. print("processImage mat \(image.size()) time \((Date().timeIntervalSince1970 - self.lastTime) * 1000) ms")
  9. self.lastTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
  10. }
  11. }
  12. let cam = CvVideoCamera2.init()
  13. lazy var camView = UIImageView(frame: view.frame)
  14. override func viewDidLoad() {
  15. super.viewDidLoad()
  16. camView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFill
  17. let w = UIScreen.main.bounds.width
  18. camView.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: w, height: w * 720 / 1280)
  19. view.addSubview(camView)
  20. cam.delegate = self
  21. cam.defaultAVCaptureDevicePosition = .front
  22. cam.defaultAVCaptureSessionPreset = AVCaptureSession.Preset.hd1280x720.rawValue
  23. cam.defaultAVCaptureVideoOrientation = .portrait
  24. cam.defaultFPS = 30
  25. cam.start()
  26. }

3 人脸识别

有三种方式,其中两种是OpenCV的:级联分类器和DNN,它们要用模型文件,下载地址我在上一篇中提到了,另一种是iOS自带的CIFilter方式。我分别实现一下。

我用的iOS设备是A12处理器的iPad Mini5,检测时间在70ms左右,每秒只有十几帧,有点卡;用pyrDown将图像缩小后(注释的代码)检测时间提高到33ms左右,明显流畅了,当然检测准确率还是一般。

  1. let cc_path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "lbpcascade_frontalface_improved", ofType: "xml")
  2. lazy var cc = CascadeClassifier.init(filename: cc_path!)
  3. let gray = Mat()
  4. Imgproc.cvtColor(src: image, dst: gray, code: .COLOR_BGRA2GRAY)
  5. // Imgproc.pyrDown(src: gray, dst: gray)
  6. Imgproc.equalizeHist(src: gray, dst: gray)
  7. var rects:[Rect2i] = []
  8. cc.detectMultiScale(image: gray, objects: &rects)
  9. for r in rects {
  10. // r.x *= 2
  11. // r.y *= 2
  12. // r.width *= 2
  13. // r.height *= 2
  14. Imgproc.rectangle(img: image, rec: r, color: Scalar(0, 0, 255, 255), thickness: 2)
  15. }

3.2 DNN 人脸检测

检测效果非常好,检测时间在55ms左右,稍微有点卡,并且缩小图像并不能加快速度。

目前我还没想到能加快计算速度的方法,它应该不支持iOS设备的GPU加速,也许用TensorFlow Lite模型?

  1. let pb_path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "opencv_face_detector_uint8", ofType: "pb")
  2. let pbtxt_path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "opencv_face_detector", ofType: "pbtxt")
  3. lazy var net = Dnn.readNetFromTensorflow(model: pb_path!, config: pbtxt_path!)
  4. let blob = Dnn.blobFromImage(image: image, scalefactor: 1.0, size: Size2i(width: 300, height: 300), mean: Scalar(104,177,123), swapRB: false, crop: false)
  5. net.setInput(blob: blob)
  6. let probs = net.forward()
  7. let probsData = Data.init(bytes: probs.dataPointer(), count: probs.elemSize() * probs.total())
  8. let detectionMat = Mat(rows: probs.size(2), cols: probs.size(3), type: CvType.CV_32F, data: probsData)
  9. for i in 0..<detectionMat.rows() {
  10. let confidence = detectionMat.get(row: i, col: 2)[0]
  11. if confidence > 0.5 {
  12. let x1 = Int32(detectionMat.get(row: i, col: 3)[0] * Double(image.cols()))
  13. let y1 = Int32(detectionMat.get(row: i, col: 4)[0] * Double(image.rows()))
  14. let x2 = Int32(detectionMat.get(row: i, col: 5)[0] * Double(image.cols()))
  15. let y2 = Int32(detectionMat.get(row: i, col: 6)[0] * Double(image.rows()))
  16. let r = Rect2i(x: x1, y: y1, width: x2 - x1, height: y2 - y1)
  17. Imgproc.rectangle(img: image, rec: r, color: Scalar(0, 0, 255, 255), thickness: 2)
  18. }
  19. }

3.3 CIFilter 人脸检测

检测前用CIImage.init(cgImage: image.toCGImage())将Mat转换成CIImage格式

检测时间在33ms左右,比较流畅,检测效果比DNN略差,但是也很准确了。

  1. lazy var cidetector = CIDetector.init(ofType: CIDetectorTypeFace, context: nil)!
  2. let features = cidetector.features(in: CIImage.init(cgImage: image.toCGImage()))
  3. print("processImage ciimage features \(features.count)")
  4. for f in features {
  5. let x = Int32(f.bounds.minX)
  6. let y = Int32(f.bounds.minY)
  7. let w = Int32(f.bounds.width)
  8. let h = Int32(f.bounds.height)
  9. let r = Rect2i(x: x, y: image.height() - y - h, width: w, height: h)
  10. Imgproc.rectangle(img: image, rec: r, color: Scalar(0, 0, 255, 255), thickness: 2)
  11. }
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