2HDFSShell操作(开发重点)

2.1 基本语法

hadoop fs 具体命令  OR  hdfs dfs 具体命令

两个是完全相同的。

2.2 命令大全

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ bin/hadoop fs

[-appendToFile <localsrc> … <dst>]

        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> …]

        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH…]

        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]… | OCTALMODE> PATH…]

        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH…]

        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> … <dst>]

        [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> … <localdst>]

        [-count [-q] <path> …]

        [-cp [-f] [-p] <src> … <dst>]

        [-df [-h] [<path> …]]

        [-du [-s] [-h] <path> …]

        [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> … <localdst>]

        [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]

        [-help [cmd …]]

        [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> …]]

        [-mkdir [-p] <path> …]

        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> … <dst>]

        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]

        [-mv <src> … <dst>]

        [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> … <dst>]

        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> …]

        [-rmdir [–ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> …]

<acl_spec> <path>]]

        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> …]

        [-stat [format] <path> …]

        [-tail [-f] <file>]

        [-test -[defsz] <path>]

        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> …]

2.3 常用命令实操

2.3.1 准备工作(练习以及记录)

1)启动Hadoop集群(方便后续的测试)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh

[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

2-help:输出这个命令参数

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -help rm

3)创建/sanguo文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim shuguo.txt

输入:

shuguo

#对照练习后续命令在sanguo文件夹上操作

2.3.2 上传到HDFS

1)-moveFromLocal从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS,即剪切(本地文件会被删掉)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ ll

再查看时当前目录下已经没有shuguo.txt文件,服务器端查看

2)-copyFromLocal从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去(本地文件仍然存在于创建的目录下且集群上也有)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim weiguo.txt

输入:

weiguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal weiguo.txt /sanguo

3-put:相对简洁,等同于copyFromLocal,生产环境更习惯用put

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim wuguo.txt

输入:

wuguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put ./wuguo.txt /sanguo

4-appendToFile追加à已存在文件à末尾,只能追加不能随机修改

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim liubei.txt

输入:

liubei

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo.txt

2.3.3 下载

1-copyToLocal:从HDFS拷贝到本地

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ ll

查看结果:

2-get:简洁,等同于1),生产环境中惯用。下载过程中可以修改名字(下面改成shuguo2.txt)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop  fs  -get  /sanguo/shuguo.txt  ./shuguo2.txt

2.3.4 HDFS直接操作

1) -ls:显示目录信息

根目录:[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Sanguo[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo

2-cat:显示文件内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt

3-chgrp-chmod-chownLinux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs  -chmod 666  /sanguo/shuguo.txt

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs  -chown  atguigu:atguigu   /sanguo/shuguo.txt

举例将(shuguo.txt文件)Group中的supergroup改成atguigui

4-mkdir:创建路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo

5-cp:从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo

6-mv:在HDFS目录中移动文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt /jinguo

7-tail:显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据(最末尾的文件通常是最新的数据)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt

8-rm:删除文件或文件夹(慎重使用)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt

删除之前只剩下一个shuguo.txt,故删除之后为空。

9-rm -r:递归删除目录及目录里面内容(慎重使用)

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo

Sanguo文件目录全部删除

10-du统计文件夹的大小信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo

27  81  /jinguo

#-s表示总大小,-h表示具体的细节

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du  -h /jinguo

14  42  /jinguo/shuguo.txt

7   21   /jinguo/weiguo.txt

6   18   /jinguo/wuguo.txt

        说明:27表示文件大小;81表示27*3个副本;/jinguo表示查看的目录

11-setrep:设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备,最多也就3个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到10

视频学习地址如下:

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Qp4y1n7EN?p=1&vd_source=25b219a1f092137faa59ee4b5a672b39

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